Development of Trichoderma Cream Formulation for Controlling the Repeated Dissemination Disease of Stem Rot in Durian Plantations in the Eastern Region
Keywords:
Trichoderma cream, Stem rot disease, Phytophthora palmivora, Fusarium solaniAbstract
Stem rot disease spreading in durian causes severe damage to durian trees. The spread of the disease can cause durian trees to die. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to prevent and eliminate stem rot disease in durian plantations. This research aims to develop a Trichoderma cream formulation to control the repeated dissemination of stem rot disease in durian plantations in the eastern region. The study was conducted by collecting samples of stem rot disease in durian, dentifyingthe pathogenic fungi and Trichoderma fungi, and morphologically classifying the fungi. It was found that the cause of the disease was Phytophthora palmivora and Fusarium solani, while the Trichoderma fungus was classified by molecular biology as T. asperellum. Then, it was tested for initial efficacy using a dual-culture test, which found that T. asperellum could inhibit the hyphal growth of P. palmivora and F. solani at 79.8 and 88.7 percent, respectively. After that, the percentage of stem rot disease occurrence in durian was tested after applying the Trichoderma cream, the chemical metalaxyl and fosetyl-aluminium. It was found that the Trichoderma cream reduced disease occurrence to only 25 percent (dry and non-spreading lesions), while the chemical method with metalaxyl and fosetyl-aluminium resulted in a high percentage of disease occurrence, up to 94 and 96 percent (spreading lesions without drying). This indicates that the use of chemical substances such as metalaxyl and fosetyl-aluminium cannot control stem rot disease in durian trees. Therefore, the development of a Trichoderma cream formulation may be one way to reduce the problem of repeated dissemination of stem rot disease in durian plantations in the eastern region. Alternatively, if chemical substances are to be used for treatment, other chemical groups should be tested to replace the current group.
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