Comparative Analysis of Percentage Disease Index and Area Under the Curve for Classifying Northern Corn Leaf Blight Severity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/thaidoa-agres.2025.24Keywords:
sweet corn, northern corn leaf blight, disease severityAbstract
Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB, Exserohilum turcicum) is one of the most significant foliar diseases of maize, directly affecting sweet corn yield. Accurate assessment of disease severity is essential for screening resistant lines. This study compared the effectiveness of the percentage disease index (PDI) and the area under a disease progress curve (AUDPC) in evaluating the severity of NCLB in sweet corn. The experiment was conducted on the sixth generation (S6) of self-pollinated hybrid sweet corn at the Chiang Mai Field Crops Research Center from December 2021 to February 2022. E. turcicum was artificially inoculated, and PDI was assessed at two time points: 28 and 55 days after planting (DAP). The AUDPC was then calculated and analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index to determine the critical threshold for disease severity classification. The correlation analysis revealed that PDI at 28 DAP was unsuitable for classifying disease severity, whereas PDI at 55 DAP and AUDPC based on observations at both 28 and 55 DAP showed a statistically significant correlation. Furthermore, the threshold value determined by AUDPC, in conjunction with ROC curve and Youden index was 910.88, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 1, indicating highly accurate discrimination between resistant and susceptible sweet corn genotypes. Therefore, AUDPC combined with ROC curve and Youden’s index was more effective and reliable than using PDI at 55 DAP alone and can serve as a valuable tool in future research on breeding sweet corn resistant to NCLB.
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