การจำแนกสายวิวัฒนาการของเชื้อรา Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Complex สาเหตุโรคตายพรายกล้วยในประเทศไทย

Chanintorn Doungsa-ard; Wanwisa  Pet-amphai; Suneerat  Seemadua; Manorat  Sudsanguan; Amonrat Kitjaideaw; Pornsiri  Bunphum; Tarntip Passabut; Suttinee Likhittrakulrung; Pornpimon Athipunyakom; Nuttima Kositcharoenkul

Authors

Chanintorn Doungsa-ard Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Wanwisa Pet-amphai Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Suneerat Seemadua Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Manorat Sudsanguan Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Amonrat Kitjaideaw Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Pornsiri Bunphum Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Tarntip Passabut Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Suttinee Likhittrakulrung Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 1, Mae Hia, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Pornpimon Athipunyakom Retired government officer, Department of Agriculture, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Nuttima Kositcharoenkul Plant Protection Research and Development Office, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

Keywords:

species complex, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, taxonomy

Abstract

Fusarium wilt in bananas, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), colonizes the vascular system, leading to severe wilting and plant death. This disease poses a critical threat to global banana production. In Thailand, Foc race 1 has long been present, whereas Foc tropical race 4 (TR4)—a devastating emerging pathogen affecting Cavendish bananas—has been detected through surveillance activities. Due to reports of Fusarium-like wilt symptoms of uncertain etiology, accurate identification is essential for establishing effective disease control measures. This research aimed to identify the species of Fusarium collected from symptomatic bananas across major cultivation areas in Thailand and also the Fusarium isolates collected from a pest control area, where eradication measures were implemented and which are currently no longer present in Thailand. The isolates of Fusarium have been preserved at the Department of Agriculture, which serves as the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Thailand under the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). The methodology involved fungal isolation, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and nucleotide sequencing of the tef1 and rpb2 gene regions. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted for species identification. The results revealed significant genetic diversity among Foc race 1 isolates in Thailand, identifying them as F. tardichlamydosporum, F. duoseptatum, and F. grosmichelii. Additionally, F. kalimantanense was identified within the non-race group. Notably, the isolates from Cavendish bananas were identified as F. odoratissimum (syn. TR4), a pathogen currently classified as "not present" in Thailand. This study concludes that these species are phylogenetically closely related. Accurate identification within these species complexes requires molecular diagnostics to ensure precise differentiation and biosecurity management.

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