Verifif ication the Identity of Garlic from Different Growing Area

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify variety of garlic from different plantations area. The studies were conducted at Si Sa Ket Horticultural Research Center and Nan Agricultural Research and Development Center during 2012-2013. Garlics samples were
collected from various planting area to observe the morphological characteristics which emphasize on the vegetative morphology and storability. Forty–one garlic samples were collected from commercially cultivated areas. From the results, the storability of garlic bulbs was over 180 days for all samples. Garlic could be identified by visual based on pseudo stem, leaves wide, bulb size and bulb color traits. The samples can be divided into two main plantations, from the Northern and the North-eastern area. The chemical analyses were carried out in eighteen garlic samples. Garlic oils were extracted using two methods that hot and cold solvent extraction with Ethanol and Hexane as solvents determined by GC-MS. The results shown that, different extraction method can be found different chemical compositions. GA55018 garlic sample oil was
found five compounds, Trisulfide, di-2-propenyl was the highest using hot solvent extraction. But garlic oil extracted using cold solvent extraction was found more than ten different chemical compounds and Phthalic acid, di-iso-octylester was the highest.
It could be suggested that the garlic oil should be extracted using two methods with Hexane as a solvent. From chemical analyses of garlic sample oils were extracted using hot solvent extraction with Hexane as a solvent. It can be separated chemical compounds and its derivatives into eleven groups based on their chemical structure. Nutrients and minerals of garlic were not different. Si Sa Ket garlics had higher calcium and sodium than garlics from the Northern. DNA fingerprint of garlic using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Microsatellite were studied. As the results, the garlic samples were clustered into two clusters that garlic planted at Si Sa Ket and garlic planted at the Northern. In conclusion, DNA fingerprint is a highly accurate technique for identification of garlic samples.