Cumulative Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and Major Nutrient Uptake of Cassava Planted in Yasothon Soil Series and Soil Property Changes
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Abstract
Proper phosphorus (P) fertilizer management can increase cassava yield in upland sandy soils of northeast Thailand. A study was conducted in a farmer field in Nakhon Ratchasima province to investigate the cumulative effect of P fertilizer applied for 3-consecutive years on yield and major nutrient uptake of cassava, Huay Bong 80 variety in Yasothon soil series, and soil property changes. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized complete block with four replications. Six rates of P fertilizer: 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 kg P2O5/ha were compared. The results showed that P fertilization at the rate of 50 and 62.5 kg P2O5/ha significantly induced greater fresh tuber yield, starch yield, and aboveground biomass than did the control without P application (P < 0.05) in the 1st and 3rd cropping seasons whereas there was no statistical difference among different rates of P in the 2nd cropping season. The application of P fertilizer at all rates for 3-consecutive years resulted in higher total nitrogen content in the topsoil (0.31–0.36 g/kg) and subsoil (0.26–0.35 g/kg) than did the control with no P addition (0.16 and 0.13 g/kg, respectively). The application at the rate of 62.5 kg P2O5/ha promoted the highest available P content of 12.90 and 7.96 mg/kg in respective topsoil and subsoil, and also the highest available K content of 42.23 and 11.73 mg/kg, respectively. This indicated that the continuous application of P fertilizer for cassava cultivation not only improved the yield of the plant but also increased the accumulation of primary plant nutrients in the soil.
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