Effect of leave and seed extracts of pigeon pea on in vitro bioactivity
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Abstract
Background and Objective: Nowadays, healthy foods are a popular option, and they are continually being developed to enhance the immune system as well as to maintain immune balance. Additionally, bioactive compounds play a crucial role in product development due to their pharmacological activity. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of extracts from the leaves and seeds of pigeon peas in terms of toxicity to cultured cells and pharmacological properties through the assessment of nitric oxide inhibition.
Methodology: The extracts were prepared by extracting the leaves and seeds of pigeon pea with 70% ethanol. Cytotoxicity testing in the RAW 264.7 cell line was conducted using the MTT assay with concentrations ranging from 0.39 to 50 mg/mL. Nitric oxide inhibition was measured at concentrations of 0.39–1.56 mg/mL using the Griess reagent kit.
Main Results: The leaf extract at concentration ranging from 0.39 to 1.56 mg/mL and the seed extract at concentrations ranging from 0.39 to 12.5 mg/mL were non-cytotoxic to the RAW 264.7 cell line. Furthermore, both the leaf and seed extracts at 1.56 mg/mL significantly inhibited nitric oxide production more than the positive control, the anti-inflammatory drug (Diclofenac; P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Extracts from pigeon pea leaves and seeds, within the concentration range of 0.39 to 1.56 mg/mL, exhibited no cytotoxicity. At 1.56 mg/mL, these extracts demonstrated greater nitric oxide inhibition than anti-inflammatory drug (Diclofenac), the positive control. These findings suggest that the extracts have the potential to develop anti-inflammatory products and enhance the immune system.
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