The effect of carbon dioxide on the growth rate of lettuce in a plant factory with artificial lighting
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Abstract
Background and Objective: A plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) is a closed plant production system in which the key factors affecting plant growth are controlled.PFAL is a suitable option for plant production today, which is increasingly affected by environmental changes that impact the quantities and qualities of plant production. Currently, there is limited data on the optimum carbon dioxide concentrations for lettucein PFAL. This research aimed to determine the effect of carbon dioxide in PFAL on the growth of green oak lettuce, green cos lettuce, butterhead lettuce, baby cos lettuce,green coral lettuce, red oak lettuce, red coral lettuce, red cos lettuce, grand rapids lettuce, and red bowl lettuce.
Methodology: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatment consisted of four methods, involving the input of different concentrations of carbon dioxide at 400 (Control), 800, 1,200, and 1,600 ppm, for 4 weeks after transplanting in PFAL, with four replications and 12 plants in each replication. Growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of yield at harvest, and dry weight, were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using Duncan's new multiple range test at a 95% confidence level.
Main Results: Carbon dioxide at 1,200 ppm significantly increased plant height and stem diameter in eight lettuce cultivars, namely green oak lettuce, green cos lettuce, butterhead lettuce, baby cos lettuce, green coral lettuce, red oak lettuce, red coral lettuce, and red cos lettuce. In addition, the highest fresh yield weight at harvest was observed in five cultivars, including butterhead lettuce, green coral lettuce, red oak lettuce, red cos lettuce, and grand rapids lettuce, while the highest dry weight was obtained in six cultivars, namely butterhead lettuce, baby cos lettuce, red oak lettuce, red coral lettuce, red cos lettuce, and grand rapids lettuce, compared with other carbon dioxide concentrations, with highly significant differences.
Conclusions: Carbon dioxide at 1,200 ppm is an effective method for inducing the growth rate of lettuce plants grown in a plant factory with artificial lighting.
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