Botanical characteristics and phytochemical potential of Aerides orchids in cultivation and natural habitats
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ABSTRACT
Background and Objective (s): Orchids in the Aerides genus (Aerides Lour.) are plants with significant potential in botany and pharmacology, but studies on their phytochemical components remain limited. This research aims to investigate the botanical characteristics and analyze the phytochemical compounds of four species of Aerides orchids to assess their potential for development into products for the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.
Methodology: Four species of orchids, namely Aerides houlletiana (Korat Yellow Orchid), Aerides krabiensis (Krabi Orchid), Aerides odorata (Closed Pocket Orchid), and Aerides rosea (Mae Moei Orchid), were selected from natural habitats and agricultural gardens and cultivated in an environmentally controlled greenhouse in Pathum Thani province. The study included observations on botanical characteristics, while plant weight and leaf count data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA, with means compared using Pairwise t-tests with Bonferroni Correction. Leaf samples were further analyzed for phytochemical compounds using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Main Results: The study revealed distinct botanical characteristics and growth patterns among the orchid species. Aerides rosea exhibited the highest plant weight (416.43 ± 88.84 grams at 20 months) and leaf count (19.82 ± 4.97 leaves at 10 months), whereas Aerides krabiensis showed the lowest plant weight (77.61 ± 10.59 grams at 20 months). Regarding phytochemical compounds, Aerides odorata had the highest levels of coelonin (0.0013% w/w), methoxycoelonin (0.0119% w/w), and imbricatin (0.0378% w/w).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of Aerides orchids as a source of phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Growth data, such as plant weight and leaf count, highlight the commercial cultivation potential of these species. These findings are crucial for sustainable development in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.
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