The Efficacy of Endophytic fungi Against the Growth of Fungal Plant Pathogens, Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora botryosa
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Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the capability of fungal endophyte from Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphaea lotus for anti-plant pathogenic fungi (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora botryosa) by dual culture plate method. The active isolates of endophytic fungi were selected by percent Inhibition of radial growth and their extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity. Meanwhile, the best active isolate was evaluated on the cellulase production and cellulase activity. The results revealed that eleven isolates of endophytic fungi showed the antifungal activity against P. palmivora and P. botryosa but only four isolates exhibited strong activity against at least one fungal plant pathogen with PGIR ≥ 70%. After that, four active isolates of endophytic fungi were cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 3 weeks and fungal culture broth were extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract of fungus Fusarium verticillioides (FL033) gave the strongest activity against both P. palmivora (91.56%) and P. botryosa (87.50%) with final concentration of extract 5 mg/ml. On the other hand, this isolate exhibited high cellulose producing activity with hydrolytic capacity (1.85) on carboxy methyl cellulose agar (CMC agar). Furthermore, it was analyzed for cellulose activity every 3 days for 18 days. The highest cellulose activity was found on 12 days at 0.05 Unit/ml. These results indicated that endophytic fungi from aquatic plants (N. nucifera and N. lotus) are a good source of antifungal activity against fungal plant pathogens.
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