Isolation and Evaluation of Trichoderma sp. from Durian Orchard Soil for the Control of Phytophthora sp., the Causal Agent of Root and Collar Rot in Durian
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Abstract
Root and collar rot in durian caused by the fungus Phytophthora sp. is a major problem affecting durian yield. The use of Trichoderma sp., a biological antagonistic fungus, is an effective alternative for controlling pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to select highly effective Trichoderma sp. isolates for inhibiting Phytophthora sp. A total of 50 Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from soil samples collected in disease-free durian in Nopphitam District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. In addition, seven Phytophthora sp. isolates (P01-P07) were isolated from symptomatic durian trees. The dual culture assay revealed that 46 isolates (92%) of Trichoderma spp. significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora spp. (p < 0.05), based on Dunnett’s test when compared with a commercial Trichoderma strain. The Trichoderma sp. isolate NSTRU-T93 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, suppressing the growth of Phytophthora sp. isolates P01 and P03 by 66.41% and 80.53%, respectively - both statistically superior to the commercial strain (p < 0.05). Morphological and molecular identification confirmed NSTRU-T93 as Trichoderma reesei. These findings indicate that the fungal isolate T. reesei obtained from durian orchard soil has strong potential for inhibiting Phytophthora sp., the causal agent of root and collar rot, and can be further developed into a sustainable biocontrol agent for agricultural applications
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