Application of Experimental Design to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Costs in Tilapia Farming

Abstract

Tilapia farming plays a crucial role in Thailand’s agricultural sector; however, it still faces persistent challenges related to high production costs and inconsistent yields. This study aims to identify the key parameters affecting farming efficiency and employs the Taguchi experimental design method to determine optimal conditions for maximizing productivity and minimizing costs. Four critical factors were investigated: feed type, fish density per pond, feeding frequency, and aeration method. The experiment was conducted over six months in 150-square-meter earthen ponds, with data collected on average fish weight, survival rate, and feed cost per unit weight gain. Statistical analyses were performed using One-way ANOVA and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N Ratio). The results revealed that mixed feed-combining commercial and homemade components-promoted the highest growth rate, achieving an average fish weight of 765.66 g, outperforming both standalone commercial and homemade feeds. Additionally, a stocking density of no more than 750 fish per pond, feeding three to four times per day, and using a Venturi aerator led to the highest survival rate of 99.21%. Furthermore, the lowest feed cost at 19.35 THB/kg was achieved with homemade feed combined with Venturi aeration. These findings suggest that carefully managing input parameters-especially feed formulation, stocking density, feeding schedule, and aeration system-can meaningfully improve production, lower costs, and increase the overall competitiveness of tilapia aquaculture in Thailand.