Implementation of an Ecological Engineering System to Support Insect Pest Management in the Alham Rice Field
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Abstract
Ecological engineering systems in rice fields involve organizing the environment to create biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems to reduce chemical use. Therefore, this research aimed to study the results of using ecological engineering systems with a case study of AlHam rice fields. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments of three replications each: (1) no planting on the ridge (control group), (2) planting long beans on the ridge, (3) planting marigolds on the ridge, and (4) planting long beans together with marigolds on the ridge. Insect population surveys were conducted in Alham rice fields before and after applying the ecological engineering system. Insect species were classified, and occurrence frequency levels and biodiversity values were analyzed. The study results showed that insects in the order Orthoptera were the most abundant group, accounting for 22% of the total population. Insects with occurrence frequency levels were categorized as frequently found (71.00%–79.06%), moderately found (45.50%–57.10%), and rarely found (10.50%–11.20%). Throughout the rice growth stages, insects appeared in all growth stages especially during the panicle emergence to maturity stages, which showed the highest species diversity and insect abundance. Results of evaluating the insect biodiversity index after applying the ecological engineering system showed that treatments 2–4 were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). The average biodiversity index after applying the ecological engineering system was 1.0175, which was 2.3 times higher than before applying the ecological engineering system (0.4425). In total, 21 insect species, 20 families, and 9 orders of insects were found. Furthermore, the ecological engineering system helped reduce rice pest population by an average of 1.7 times
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