Protective Effects of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale) Leaf Extract Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells
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Abstract
Oxidative stress with the overproduction of free radicals results in several chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaves contain high levels of various antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents and exhibit anticytotoxic properties. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of cashew leaf extract against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. Cells were treated with H2O2 with and without various concentration of cashew leaf extract (CLE) or quercetin that was used as positive control. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored using rhodamine123 (Rh123) and caspase-3 activity was measured using a fluorometric assay kit. The results showed that exposure of Caco-2 cells to H2O2 increased ROS generation, disrupted MMP, activated caspase-3 activity and decreased cell viability that partly resulted from apoptosis. Treatment with CLE or quercetin significantly reduced the level of ROS, improved MMP, inhibited caspase-3 activation and increased cell viability compared to H2O2 treatment alone. The greater suppressing H2O2-induced ROS generation were observed with CLE treatment compared to quercetin at the same concentrations. These results demonstrated the protective activities of CLE against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in intestinal Caco-2 cells.
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