Effects of 2,4-D Dimethylammonium and Ethanol Co - Exposure on Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in HepG2 Cells
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Abstract
2,4-D dimethylammonium is a popular herbicide used by farmers. Alcohol consumption is also popular in society, both of which can cause adverse effect on the liver. This study aimed to study the effects of combined exposure of 2,4-D dimethylammonium and ethanol on oxidative stress and cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell line. The HepG2 cells were cultured with 2,4-D dimethylammonium, ethanol or the combination of 2,4-D dimethylammonium and ethanol to investigate the inhibition of cell growth, occurrence of free radicals, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels. The results showed that the combined exposure of 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium and ethanol resulting in increased cytotoxicity. There was an increase in intracellular oxidants. The activities of superoxide, dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase also increased. The levels of malondialdehyde have increased while reduced glutathione was reduced compared to a single exposure. It was concluded that the exposure of comminated 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium and ethanol enhanced the intracellular oxidants. Therefore, this study shows that the combined exposure of 2,4-D dimethylammonium and ethanol enhanced the intracellular oxidants, which is the major cause of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. The data from this study can be used as a guideline for animal studies and study of the toxicity trend have been combined exposure. It is also specified as a precaution for those who was used herbicides and alcohol.
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References
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