Release of Various Elements from Organic Fertilizers Incubated in Organic and Non-organic Paddy Soils at Various Time Periods
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Organic fertilizers often contain numerous elements beside nitrogen (N) such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na). In general, the application rates of organic fertilizer are based on N requirement which could result in extra amount of other elements i.e. P and Na which could negatively impact on environment. This study aimed to investigate the release of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na using a batch technique from three organic fertilizers (e.g. cow manure, compost and sunn hemp) incubated in two paddy soils at various time periods (e.g. 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, 98 and 120 days). A 2×4 factorial in completely randomized experimental design with three replications was employed. A factor A was type of paddy field (an organic paddy field (SO), and non-organic paddy field (SC)) and a factor B was four different organic fertilizers application type (control, cow manure compost and sunn hemp). Soil samples were collected to analyze soil pH, electrical conductivity, available P (Bray II), exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg and extractable Na at the end of each incubation time period. Results showed that the incubation time period did not play a role on the release of P, K, Ca, Mg and Na in soils. Release of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na in SC was higher than SO. Release of P, K, and Na were highest in cow manure, while compost gave higher release of Ca and Mg. Electrical conductivity did not exceed safety levels with all treatments less than 0.50 mS/cm.
Keywords: organic fertilizer; phosphorus; potassium; calcium; magnesium; sodium
*Corresponding author: Tel.: +6602-329-8511
E-mail: sukunya.ya@kmitl.ac.th
Article Details
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
Singh, P.R., 2012. Organic Fertilizers: Types, Production and Environmental Impact. New York: Nova Science Inc.
Kokoasse, K.A. and Desmond, M., 2016. Organic Fertilizers in Alabama: Composition, Transformations, and Crop Response in Selected Soils of the Southeast United States. Organic fertilizers from basic concepts to applied outcomes, Romina Rovan, pp. 25-50.
Meek, B., Graham, L. and Donovan, T., 1982. Long-term effects of manure on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium sodium, organic matter, and water infiltration rate. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46, 1014-1019.
Yan, X., Wei, Z., Hong, Q., Lu, Z. and Wu, J., 2017. Phosphorus fraction and sorption charateristics in a subtropical paddy soil as influenced by fertilizer sources. Journal of Geoderma, 295, 80-85.
Xin, X., Qin, S., Zhang, J., Zhu, A., Yang, W. and Zhang, X., 2017. Yield, Phosphorus use efficiency and balance response to substituting long-term chemical fertilizer use with organic manure in a wheat-maize system. Journal of Field Crops Research, 208, 27-33.
Surin, P., Pronkanung, S., Lachitavong, K. and Yampracha, S., 2018. Effect of limestone and drainage on ameliorate acidity, salinity and toxicity of aluminum, iron and manganese in acid sulfate soil. King Mongkut’s Agricultural Journal, 36 (supplement), 45-53.
Pibumrung, P., 2015. Phosphorus and Phosphorus leaching loss from paddy field in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. Khon Kaen Agricultural Journal, 43 (supplement), 951-955.
Wanna, S., Supaphol, S., Luanmanee, S. and Anusontpornperm, S., 2016. Involving bacteria to inorganic substance changes in an acid sulfate soil (Rangsit soil series). Khon Kaen Agricultural Journal, 44, 19-28.
Dai, L., Tan, F., Wu, B., He, M., Wang, W., Tang, X., Hu, Q. and Zhang, M., 2015. Immobilization of phosphorus in cow manure during hydrothermal carbonization. Journal of Environmental Management, 157, 49-53.
Cees, S. and Wim, V., 2009. Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops. London : Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg., pp. 430.
Yampracha, S., 2011. Soil Chemical. Department of Plant Production Technology. Faculty of Agricultural Technology. King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok.
Thawinthung, N., 2016. Soil and Plant Nutrient Management. Department of Plant Production Technology. Faculty of Agricultural Technology. King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok.
Organically done, 2019. Nutrient Availability and ReleaseTtime. [online] Available at: https://organicallydone.com/nutrient-availability-and-release-time.
Fortune, S., Lu, J., Addiscott, T.M. and Brookes, P.C., 2005. Assessment of phosphorus leaching losses from arable land. Plant and Soil, 269, 99-108.
Richards, L. A., 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soil. Handbook 60 . Washington, D. C. : USDA Agriculture.
Richard, M.D., Sokrat, S., Androw, S. and Emmanuel, F., 2001. The use of isotopic exchange kinetice to assess phosphorus availability in overland flow and subsurface drainage waters. Soil Science, 166, 365-373.
Pizzeghello, D., Berti, A., Nardi, S. and Morari, F., 2016. Relationship between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus release to solution in three soil after long-term mineral and manure application. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 233, 214-223.
Bray, R. H. and Kurtz, L. T., 1945. Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soil. Soil Science, 59, 39-45.
Yampracha, S., 2013. Soil and Plant Analysis. Department of Plant Production Technology. Faculty of Agricultural Technology. King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok.
Soil Chemical Research Center, 2001. Soil and Plant Analysis Manual. Bangkok : Soil Science. Department of Agriculture.
Supsuan, P., Surin, P. and Yampracha, S., 2018. Effects of organic fertilizer application on the transformation of nitrogen in paddy soil. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 14(7), 1999-2014.
LECO Corporation, 2016. Operation In: Trumac CNS/NS Carbon/Nitrogen/Sulfur Determinators Instruction Manual. U.S : LECO Europe B.V., pp. 1-56.
Jirasuthad, D., 2014. Organic Fertilizer Regulations. Bangkok : Department of Agricultural of Thailand.
Kyuma, K., 2004. Paddy Soil Science. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press, pp. 280.
Attanandana, T., 2007. Basic of chemical reaction in paddy soils. In: Paddy Soil Science, Bangkok : Department of Soil Science, Kasetsart University, pp. 29-46.
Arunnin, S., 1996. Alkaline Soil in Thailand. Bangkok : Department of Land Development. pp. 37.
Department of Pollution Control of Thailand, 2010. Water Quality Regulations. [online] Available at: http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/reg_std_water04.html
Li, L., Liang. X., Ye, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, Y., Yuan, J. and Chen, Y., 2014. Effects of repeated swine manure applications on legacy phosphorus and phosphomonoesterase activities in a paddy soil. Biological Fertilizer Soils, 51, 167-181.