Oil Removal from Produced Water using Imperata cylindrica as Low-Cost Adsorbent
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Abstract
Produced water is wastewater that is generated as a byproduct of the extraction of oil and natural gas from underground reservoirs. It contains emulsified oil, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, suspended solids, and dissolved solids. Untreated produced water can cause serious environmental problems. In this research, batch adsorption of produced water that came from the Iraqi Midland Oil Company using Imperata cylinderica as adsorbent was investigated. All the experiments were done with 100 ml of produced water in a 250 ml beaker. The factors investigated were pH of the solution (3, 5, 7 and 9), temperature (20, 40, 50 and 60°C), adsorbent dosage (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g), contact time (15, 30, 60 and 90 min), and the rotational speed of the mixer (150 rpm). The Taguchi method was used to determine the operating conditions. The experimental data were analyzed using statistical optimization and the aim was to develop a general model for determining the optimum conditions that would lead to 97% oil removal, which turned out to be at 30°C, pH 9, adsorbent dose of 0.1g, and 90 min contact time. The Langmuir equation fitted the experimental data for the equilibrium isotherm of oil removal better than did other equations. A pseudo-first-order adsorption was predominant from the kinetics and thermodynamic studies.
Keywords: batch adsorption; Imperata cylindrica; produced water
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