The Interactions between Temperature and Relative Humidity: Results for Benin City, Nigeria using Statistical Analysis

Main Article Content

Israel Uzuazor Siloko*
Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor
Edith Akpevwe Siloko
Esosa Enoyoze
Osayomore Ikpotokin

Abstract

The interactions between temperature and relative humidity are the main focus of this article. These two meteorological observations are of great significance due to their direct effects on humans and their environment. A series of studies on meteorological variables was carried out over a decade with emphasis on their effects on humans and their environment. Similar studies are going on due to the constant changes in the globe because of climate change. Appropriate measures can be provided for weather experts to curb some of the adverse effects of these variables. This article addresses the connectivity of temperature and relative humidity as well as their joint effects in Benin City, Nigeria for the period of ten years from 2010 to 2019 using nonparametric techniques that employ the Gaussian kernel estimator as analytic tool. The statistical analysis of the relationship between temperature and relative humidity vividly revealed that human activities were more successful in 2016 and 2017 under the period been studied with the asymptotic mean integrated squared error (AMISE) used as the performance measure.


Keywords: AMISE; bandwidth; humidity; kernel; temperature


*Corresponding author: Tel.: +2348164830801


                                           Email: siloko.israel@edouniversity.edu.ng

Article Details

Section
Original Research Articles

References

Nwankwo, W. and Ukhurebor, K.E., 2019. An x-ray of connectivity between climate change and particulate pollutions. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, Special Issue, 11(8), 3002-3011.

Cong, R.G. and Brady, M., 2012. The interdependence between rainfall and temperature: Copula analyses. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/405675.

Bhandari, G., 2013. Effect of precipitation and temperature variation on the yield of major cereal in Dadeldhura district of far western development region, Nepal. International Journal of Plant and Animal and Environmental Science, 3(1), 247-255.

Rasul, G., Chaudhry, Q.Z., Mahmood, A. and Hyder, K.W., 2014. Effect of temperature rise on crop growth and productivity. Pakistan Journal of Meteorology, 8(15), 53-62.

Muluneh, A., Biazin, B., Stroosnijder, L., Bewket, W. and Keesstra, S., 2015. Impact of predicted changes in rainfall and atmospheric carbon dioxide on maize and wheat yields in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Regional Environmental Change, 15(6), 1105-1119.

Schlenker, W. and Lobell, D.B., 2010. Robust negative impacts of climate change on African agriculture. Environmental Research Let¬ters, 5(1), https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/ 014010 .

Feng, S., Krueger, A.B. and Oppenheimer, M., 2010. Linkages among climate change, crop yields, and Mexico-US cross-border migration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 14257-14262.

Hatfield, J.L. and Prueger, J.H., 2015. Temperature extremes: Effects on plant growth and development. Weather and Climate Extremes, 10, 4-10.

Barlow, K.M., Christy, B.P., O’Leary, G.J., Riffkin, P.A. and Nuttall, J.G., 2015. Simulating the impact of extreme heat and frost events on wheat crop production: A review. Field Crops Research, 171, 109-119.

Dell, M., Jones, B.F. and Olken, B.A., 2014. What do we learn from the weather? The new climate economy literature. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(3), 740-798.

Abrignani, M., Corrao, S. and Biondo, G., 2012. Effects of ambient temperature, humidity, and other meteorological variables on hospital admissions for angina pectoris. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 19(3), 342-348.

Ukhurebor, K.E., Abiodun, I.C. and Bakare, F., 2017. Relationship between relative humidity and the dew point temperature in Benin city, Nigeria. Journal for Applied Science and Environmental Management, 21(5), 953-956.

Davis, R.E., McGregor, G.R. and Enfield, K.B., 2016. Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health. Environmental Research, 144, 106-116.

Yang, B.Y., Zhang, Y. and Xu, C.Y., 2013. Effects of meteorological elements on admission rates of cerebral infarction patients with hypertensive nephropathy from nine hospitals in Changchun city, Jilin province. Chinese Medical Journal, 126(10), 1934-1938.

Hayes, D., Jhaveri, M.A. and Mannino, D.M., 2013. The effect of mold sensitization and humidity upon allergic asthma. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 7(2), 135-144.

Lin, S., Luo, M. and Walker, R.J., 2009. Extreme high temperatures and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiology, 20(5), 738-746.

Montero, J.C., Miron, I.J. and Criado-Alvarez, J.J., 2012. Influence of local factors in the relationship between mortality and heat waves: Castile-La Mancha (1975-2003). Science of the Total Environment, 414, 73-80.

Emanuele, E., 2012. Estimating air humidity from temperature and precipitation measures for modeling applications. Meteorological Applications, 19, 118-128.

Ukhurebor, K.E. and Azi, S.O., 2019. Review of methodology to obtain parameters for radio wave propagation at low altitudes from meteorological data: New results for Auchi area in Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 31(4), 1445-1451.

Nwankwo, W., Ukhurebor, K.E. and Aigbe, U.O., 2020. Climate change and innovation technology: A review. Technology Reports of Kansai University, 63(3), 383-391.

Siloko, I.U. and Siloko, E.A., 2019. Density estimation and data analysis using the kernel method. Proceedings of 56th National Conference of Mathematical Association of Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 218-226.

Scott, D.W., 2015. Multivariate Density Estimation. Theory, Practice and Visualisation. 2nd ed., New Jersey: Wiley.

Siloko, I.U., Ishiekwene, C.C. and Oyegue, F.O., 2018. New gradient methods for bandwidth selection in bivariate kernel density estimation. Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 6(1), 1-8.

Silverman, B.W., 2018. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. New York: Routledge.

Siloko, I.U., Ikpotokin, O. and Siloko, E.A., 2019. A key note on performance of smoothing parameterizations in kernel density estimation. Tanzania Journal of Science, 45(1), 1-8.

Siloko, I.U., Ishiekwene, C.C. and Oyegue, F.O., 2017. The effect of smoothing parameter in kernels aggregation. Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 4255-4262.

Siloko, I. U., Ikpotokin, O., Oyegue, F.O., Ishiekwene, C.C. and Afere, B.A., 2019. A note on application of kernel derivatives in density estimation with the univariate case. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 22(3), 415-423.

Gramacki, A., 2018. Nonparametric Kernel Density Estimation and Its Computational Aspects. Cham: Springer.

Samawi, H., Rochani, H., Yin, J., Linder, D. and Vogel, R., 2018. Notes on kernel density based mode estimation using more efficient sampling designs. Computational Statistics, 33(2), 1071-1090.

Tsuruta, Y. and Sagae, M., 2020. Theoretical properties of bandwidth selectors for kernel density estimation on the circle. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 72, 511-530.

Odjugo, P.A.O., Enaruvbe, G.O. and Isibor, H.O., 2015. Geospatial approach to Spatio-temporal pattern of urban growth in Benin City, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9 (3), 166-175.

Floyd, A.C., Oikpor, R. and Ekene, B., 2016. An assessment of climate change in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. FUTY Journal of the Environment, 10(1), 87-94.

Siloko, I.U., Nwankwo, W. and Siloko, E.A., 2020. A new family of kernels from the beta polynomial kernels with applications in density estimation. International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics, 6(3), 235-245.

Siloko, I.U., Siloko, E.A. and Ikpotokin, O., 2020. A mini review of dimensional effects on asymptotic mean integrated squared error and efficiencies of selected beta kernels. Jordan Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 13(3), 327-340.

Siloko, I.U., Ikpotokin, O. and Siloko, E.A., 2019. On hybridizations of fourth order kernel of the beta polynomial family. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operations Research, 15(3), 819-829.