An Experimental Study on Strength and Durability of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand with Coal Ashes Available in Central Chhattisgarh Region

Main Article Content

Badrinarayan Rath*
Shirish Deo
Gangadhar Ramtekkar

Abstract

Chhattisgarh ranks 3rd in coal production in India and plenty of coal is mined daily in the central Chhattisgarh region of India. Hence a lot of steel and power plants have been established in this region. From these power plants, a huge amount of fly ash and pond ash is generated daily and these ashes are occupying large landfill areas. The carbon dioxide released from the chimneys of these plants not only polluted the local air mass but also creates a problem of carbonation to the local concrete structure. The corrosion of the RCC structures accelerates in this highly industrialized local region surrounded by industry, due to the emission of higher carbon dioxide. Hence the strength and durability of concrete must be checked for the partial replacement of cement and sand with locally available industrial wastes to know its long-term performance. The present investigation was taken up to do a detailed study on workability, durability, and strength of concrete by replacing cement with fly ash by weight up to 40% and sand with pond ash by volume up to 20% with a constant dose of glass fiber of 0.1% of the volume of the concrete. Various tests like rheology, shrinkage, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, heat conductivity, leaching test, compressive strength and flexural strength have been conducted on various mixes of new coal ash fiber reinforced concrete. From these results, a mixed design process has been proposed for the preparation of sustainable concrete from locally available industrial by-products.


Keywords: fly ash; pond ash; glass fiber; durability and strength; steady-state method; transient method; guideline for mix proportion; energy efficient concrete


*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+251) 904402625,           


                                             E-mail: rath_rcpit@rediffmail.com

Article Details

Section
Original Research Articles

References

Dubey, A., Gangopadhyay, S. and Wadhwa, W., 2001. Occupational structure and incidence of poverty in Indian towns of different sizes. Review of Development Economics, 5(1), 49-59.

Sadashivam, T. and Shahla, T., 2016. Trends of Urbanization in India: Issues and Challenges in the 21st Century. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 3(5), 2375-2384.

Rath, B., Deo S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2016. Pond Ash: A Sustainable Building Material for Smart Cities. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology, 6(1), 53-59.

Kumar, S. 2002. A Perspective Study on Fly Ash-Lime-Gypsum Bricks and Hollow Blocks for Low-Cost Housing Development, Construction and Building Materials, 16(8), 519-525.

Sharma, N., Telang, D. and Rath, B., 2017. A Review on Strength of Clay Brick Masonry, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 5(12), 2620-2626.

Bhanumathidas, N. and Kalidas, N., 2002. Fly Ash for Sustainable Development. Chennai: Institute for Solid Waste Research and Ecological Balance (INSWAREB).

Kwan, A.K.H. and Li, Y., 2013. Effects of Fly Ash Microsphere on Rheology, Adhesiveness and Strength of Mortar. Construction Building Material, 42, 137-145.

Jihui, Z., Dongmin, W. and Xueguang, W., 2015. Ultrafine grinding of fly ash with grinding aids: Impact on particle characteristics of ultrafine fly ash and properties of blended cement containing ultrafine fly ash. Construction and Building Materials, 78, 250-259.

Guan, W., Tan, M. and Haiyong, Y., 2001. Rheological properties of cement pastes with fly ash. Journal of Building Material, 4(4), 339-345.

Bharathi, G., Sharada Bai, H. and Nagendra, R., 2011. Effective utilization of pond ash for sustainable construction-need of the hour. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 4(6), 151-154.

Jung, S.H. and Kwon, S-J., 2013. Engineering properties of cement mortar with pond ash in South Korea as construction materials: from waste to concrete. Central European Journal of Engineering, 3(3), 522-533.

Bapat, J.D., Sabnis, S.S, Hazaree, C.V. and Deshchowgule, A.D., 2006. Eco-friendly concrete with high volume of lagoon ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering (ASCE), 18, 453-461.

Tumingan, T.M.W., Djamaluddin, R. and Sampebulu, V. 2014. Compression strength of concrete with pond ash as replacement of fine aggregate. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9(12), 2923-2928.

Mishra, R.K., Tripathi, R.K. and Dubey, V., 2016. Early age shrinkage pattern of concrete on replacement of fine aggregate with industrial by-product. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 9, 386-391.

Banfill, P.F.G., Starrs, G., Derruau, G., McCarter, W.J. and Chrisp, T.M., 2006. Rheology of low carbon fibre content reinforced cement mortar. Cement Concrete Composite, 28(9), 773-780.

Talukdar, L., 2008. Rheology of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(2), 167-177.

Vairagade, V.S. and Kene, K.S., 2013. Strength of normal concrete using metallic and synthetic fibers. Procedia Engineering, 51, 132-140,

Mohammadi, Y., Singh, S.P. and Kaushik, S.K., 2008. Properties of steel fibrous concrete containing mixed fibres in fresh and hardened state. Construction Building Material, 22(5), 956-965.

Ramezanianpour, A.A., Esmaeili, M., Ghahari, S.A. and Najafi, M.H., 2013. Laboratory study on the effect of polypropylene fiber on durability, and physical and mechanical characteristic of concrete for application in sleepers. Construction Building Materials, 44, 411-418.

Ramli, M., Kwan, W.H. and Abas, N.F., 2013. Strength and durability of coconut-fiber-reinforced concrete in aggressive environments. Construction Building Materials, 38, 554-566.

Dawood, E.T. and Ramli, M., 2012. Durability of high strength flowing concrete with hybrid fibres. Construction Building Materials, 35, 521-530.

Banthia, N. and Yoo, D.Y., 2016. Mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: A review. Cement Concrete Composite, 73, 267-280.

Sujivorakul, C., Jaturapitakkul, C. and Taotip, A., 2011. Utilization of fly ash, rice husk ash, and palm oil fuel ash in glass fiber-reinforced concrete. Journal of Material Civil Engineering, 23(9), 1281-1288.

Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2020. A proposed mix design of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials by packing density method. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 44, 615-629.

Rath, B., Debnath, R., Paul, A., Velusamy, P. and Balamoorthy, D., 2020. Performance of natural rubber latex on calcined clay-based glass fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 21, 1051-1066.

ASTM E1354-17, 2017. Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter. West Conshohocken: ASTM International.

Deo, S.V. and Pofale, A.D., 2015. Parametric study for replacement of sand by fly ash for better packing and internal curing. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, Scientific Research Publishing, l(5), 118-130.

Kanthe, V.N., Deo, S.V. and Murmu, M., 2018. Effect of fly ash and rice husk ash on strength and durability of binary and ternary blend cement mortar. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19, 963-970.

Kim, S., Yang, K. and Moon, G., 2015. Hydration characteristics of low-heat cement substituted by fly ash and limestone powder. Journal of Materials, 8, 5847-5861.

Mahmoodzadeh, F. and Chidiac, S.E., 2013. Rheological models for predicting plastic viscosity and yield stress of fresh concrete. Cement Concrete Research, 49, 1-9.

Yang, E., Sahmaran, M., Yang, Y. and Li, V.C., 2009. Rheological control in production of engineered cementitious composites. ACI Materials Journal, 106(4), 357-366.

Azarsa, P. and Gupta, R., 2017. Electrical resistivity of concrete for durability evaluation: A review. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/ 8453095.

Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2020. Modification of ACI209R-92 concrete shrinkage model for partial replacement of cement with fly ash and sand with pond ash. Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, 9(1), 602-620.

Salah, A.T., Talha, J., Moussa, L. and Deena, B., 2017. Effectiveness of fly ash on the restrained shrinkage cracking resistance of self-compacting concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 79, 9-20.

Malhotra, V.M. and Mehta, P.K., 2002 . High-Performance, High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete: Materials, Mixture Proportioning, Properties, Construction Practice and Case Histories. Ottawa: Supplementary Cementing Materials for Sustainable Development Inc.

Ryu, G.S, Lee, Y.B., Koh, K.T. and Chung, Y.S., 2013. The mechanical properties of fly ash based geo-polymer concrete with alkaline activators. Construction Building Materials, 47, 409-418.

Siddique, R., 2004. Performance characteristics of high-volume class F fly ash concrete. Cement Concrete Research, 34, 487-493.

Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2017. Durable glass fiber reinforced concrete with supplementary cementitious materials. International Journal of Engineering, 33(7), 964-971.

Singh, M. and Siddique, R., 2013. Effect of coal bottom ash as partial replacement of sand on properties of concrete. Resource Conservation Recycling, 72, 20-32.

Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2016. A study on early age shrinkage behaviour of cement paste with binary and ternary combination of fly ash and pond ash. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(44), 1-9.

Yadav, N., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2018. For parametric study of sustainable concrete produced using marginal material as an internal curing agent for partial replacement of natural sand in subtropical climate of central India. International Journal of Advanced Research and Development, 3(1), 109-119.

Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G., 2019. Behaviour of early age shrinkage of concrete with binary and ternary combination of fly ash and pond ash with addition of glass fiber. Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(4), 248-255.

IS 10262, 2019. Concrete Mix Proportioning-Guidelines. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.