Echinostoma revolutum in Domestic Chickens: Developmental Larval Stages and Fecundity of an Intestinal Trematode
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Published:
Jul 11, 2018
Keywords:
Echinostoma revolutum Domestic chicks Fecundity Egg development
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Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the recovery and fecundity of intestinal trematode, Echinostoma revolutum in domestic chick (Gallus gallus domesticus) and notes on their egg development. Each 60 three days old domestic chicks were fed 50 cysts of E. revolutum isolated from Filopaludina martensi martensi. Worm recovery, uterine egg counts, numbers of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), egg morphology and development of E. revolutum during of experimental infection in chicks were analyzed. The worms survived in chicks for 36 days post infection (PI). The incidence of infection was 60.0% (36/60). Of the 1,800 cysts fed to chicks, 465 (27.1%) worms mainly recovered from the jejunum and ileum, occasionally in caeca. The worms became ovigerous by day 10 and produced eggs, which were detected in feces as early as 10 days PI. The number of EPG, determined by a modified formalin-ether concentration technique, as well as EPG per worm increased slowly during day 10-16 PI and then remaining stable and showed a little fluctuation until day 36 PI. Additionally, egg development was characterized from day 0 to 10 post embryonation. Eggs developed fully formed miracidia from chicks after 10 days and emerged later.
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References
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Chai, J.Y., Sohn, W.M., Na, B.K. and De, N.V. 2011. Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and adults from experimental Hamsters. Korean J. Parasitol. 49(4): 449-455.
Chantima, K., Chai, J.Y. and Wongsawad, C. 2013. Echinostoma revolutum: Freshwater snails as the second intermediate hosts in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Korean J. Parasitol. 51 (2): 183-189.
Christensen, N.O., Simonsen, P.E., Odaibo, A.B. and Mahler, H. 1990. Establishment, survival and fecundity in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) infections in hamsters and birds. J. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 57(2): 104-107.
Davis, N.E. 2005. Storage and incubation of Echinostoma revolutum eggs recovered from wild Branta canadensis, and their infectivity to Lymnaea tomentosa snails. J. Helminthol. 79(4): 321-326.
Elkins, D.B., Sithithaworn, P., Haswell-Elkins, M.S., Kaewkes, S., Awacharagan, P. and Wongratanacheewin, S. 1991. Opisthorchis viverrini: relationships between egg counts, worms recovered and antibody levels within an endemic community in Northeast Thailand. Parasitol. 102(2): 283-288.
Franco, J., Huffman, J.E. and Fried, B. 1986. Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. J. Parasitol. 72(1): 142-147.
Fried, B. 1984. Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. J. Helminthol. 58(3): 241-244.
Fried, B. and Graczyk, T.K. 2004. Recent advances in the biology of Echinostoma species in the ‘‘revolutum’’ group. In: Baker, J., Muller, R., Rollinson, D., editors. Advances in Parasitology 58. Academic Press, London; p. 140-195.
Fried, B., Mueller, T.J. and Frazer, B.A. 1997. Observations on Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma trivolvis in single and concurrent infections in domestic chicks. Int. J. Parasitol. 27(11): 1319-1322.
Fujino, T., Nakano, T., Washioka, H., Tonosaki, A., Ichikawa, H. and Fried, B. 2000. Comparative ultrastructure of eggs in Echinostoma paraensei, E. caproni, and E. trivolvis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitol. Res. 86(5): 427-430.
Hosier, D.W. and Fried, B. 1986. Infectivity, growth and distribution of Echinostoma revolutum in Swiss Webster and ICR mice. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 53(2): 173-176.
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Humphries, J.E., Reddy, A. and Fried, B. 1997. Infectivity and growth of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) in the domestic chick. Int. J. Parasitol. 21(1): 129-130.
Hussein, A.A., Hassan, I.M. and Khalifa R.M.A. 2010. Development and hatching mechanism of Fasciola eggs, light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 17(3): 247-251.
Idris, N., and Fried, B. 1996. Development, hatching and infectivity of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) eggs, and histologic and histochemical observations on the miracidia. Parasitol. Res. 82(2): 136-142.
Kanev, I. 1994. Life-cycle, delimitation and redescription of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Syst. Parasitol. 28(2): 125-144.
Krejci, K.G. and Fried, B. 1994. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations of the eggs, daughter rediae, cercariae, and encysted metacercariae of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni. Parasitol. Res. 80(1): 42-47.
Lee, J.J., Jung, B.K., Lim, H., Lee, M.Y., Choi, S.Y., Shin, E.H., and Chai, J.Y. 2012. Comparative morphology of minute intestinal fluke eggs that can occur in human stools in the Republic of Korea. Korean J. Parasitol. 50(3): 207-213.
Munoz-Antoli, C., Sotillo, J., Monteagudo, C., Fried, B., Marcilla, A. and Toledo, R. 2007. Development and pathology of Echinostoma caproni experimentally infected mice. J. Parasitol. 93(4): 854-859.
Nollen, P.M. 1994. The hatching behavior of Echinostoma trivolvis miracidia and their responses to gravity, light and chemicals. Int. J. Parasitol. 24(5): 581-587.
Odaibo, A.B., Christensen, N.O. and Ukoli F.M.A. 1988. Establishment, survival and fecundity in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) infections in NMRI mice. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 55(2): 265-269.
Odaibo, A.B., Christensen, N.O. and Ukoli F.M.A. 1989. Further studies on the population regulation in Echinostoma caproni infections in NMRI mice. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 56(2): 192-198.
Schmidt, J. 1998. Glycan vesicle formation in vitellocytes and hatching vacuoles in eggs of Echinostoma caproni and Fasciola hepatica (Digenea). Tissue Cell. 30(4): 416-426.
Srisawangwong, T., Chantaluk, S., Sithithaworn, P., and Charoensiri, D.J. 2004. Infectivity, growth and fecundity of Echinostoma malayanum in mice. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 35(1): 302-305.
Toledo, R. 2009. Echinostomes in the definitive host: A model for the study of host-parasite relationships. In: Fried, B., Toledo, R., editors. The Biology of Echinostomes. Springer, New York, p. 89-109.
Toledo, R., Carpena, I., Espert, A., Sotillo, J., Munoz-Antoli, C. and Esteban, J.G. 2006. A Quantitative approach to the experimental transmission success of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in rats. J. Parasitol. 92(1): 16-20.
Toledo, R., Espert, A., Carpena, I., Munoz-Antoli, C. and Esteban, J.G. 2003. An experimental study of the reproductive success of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in the golden hamster. Parasitol. 126(5): 433-441.
Toledo, R., Espert, A., Carpena, I., Munoz-Antoli, C., Fried, B. and Esteban J.G. 2004. The comparative development of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) adults in experimentally infected hamsters and rats. Parasitol. Res. 93(6): 439-444.
Chai, J.Y., Sohn, W.M., Na, B.K. and De, N.V. 2011. Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and adults from experimental Hamsters. Korean J. Parasitol. 49(4): 449-455.
Chantima, K., Chai, J.Y. and Wongsawad, C. 2013. Echinostoma revolutum: Freshwater snails as the second intermediate hosts in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Korean J. Parasitol. 51 (2): 183-189.
Christensen, N.O., Simonsen, P.E., Odaibo, A.B. and Mahler, H. 1990. Establishment, survival and fecundity in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) infections in hamsters and birds. J. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 57(2): 104-107.
Davis, N.E. 2005. Storage and incubation of Echinostoma revolutum eggs recovered from wild Branta canadensis, and their infectivity to Lymnaea tomentosa snails. J. Helminthol. 79(4): 321-326.
Elkins, D.B., Sithithaworn, P., Haswell-Elkins, M.S., Kaewkes, S., Awacharagan, P. and Wongratanacheewin, S. 1991. Opisthorchis viverrini: relationships between egg counts, worms recovered and antibody levels within an endemic community in Northeast Thailand. Parasitol. 102(2): 283-288.
Franco, J., Huffman, J.E. and Fried, B. 1986. Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. J. Parasitol. 72(1): 142-147.
Fried, B. 1984. Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. J. Helminthol. 58(3): 241-244.
Fried, B. and Graczyk, T.K. 2004. Recent advances in the biology of Echinostoma species in the ‘‘revolutum’’ group. In: Baker, J., Muller, R., Rollinson, D., editors. Advances in Parasitology 58. Academic Press, London; p. 140-195.
Fried, B., Mueller, T.J. and Frazer, B.A. 1997. Observations on Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma trivolvis in single and concurrent infections in domestic chicks. Int. J. Parasitol. 27(11): 1319-1322.
Fujino, T., Nakano, T., Washioka, H., Tonosaki, A., Ichikawa, H. and Fried, B. 2000. Comparative ultrastructure of eggs in Echinostoma paraensei, E. caproni, and E. trivolvis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitol. Res. 86(5): 427-430.
Hosier, D.W. and Fried, B. 1986. Infectivity, growth and distribution of Echinostoma revolutum in Swiss Webster and ICR mice. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 53(2): 173-176.
Huffman, J.E. and Fried, B. 1990. Echinostoma and Echinostomiasis. In: Baker, J., Muller, R., editors. Advances in Parasitology 29. Academic Press, London; 1990. p. 215-270.
Humphries, J.E., Reddy, A. and Fried, B. 1997. Infectivity and growth of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) in the domestic chick. Int. J. Parasitol. 21(1): 129-130.
Hussein, A.A., Hassan, I.M. and Khalifa R.M.A. 2010. Development and hatching mechanism of Fasciola eggs, light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 17(3): 247-251.
Idris, N., and Fried, B. 1996. Development, hatching and infectivity of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) eggs, and histologic and histochemical observations on the miracidia. Parasitol. Res. 82(2): 136-142.
Kanev, I. 1994. Life-cycle, delimitation and redescription of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Syst. Parasitol. 28(2): 125-144.
Krejci, K.G. and Fried, B. 1994. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations of the eggs, daughter rediae, cercariae, and encysted metacercariae of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni. Parasitol. Res. 80(1): 42-47.
Lee, J.J., Jung, B.K., Lim, H., Lee, M.Y., Choi, S.Y., Shin, E.H., and Chai, J.Y. 2012. Comparative morphology of minute intestinal fluke eggs that can occur in human stools in the Republic of Korea. Korean J. Parasitol. 50(3): 207-213.
Munoz-Antoli, C., Sotillo, J., Monteagudo, C., Fried, B., Marcilla, A. and Toledo, R. 2007. Development and pathology of Echinostoma caproni experimentally infected mice. J. Parasitol. 93(4): 854-859.
Nollen, P.M. 1994. The hatching behavior of Echinostoma trivolvis miracidia and their responses to gravity, light and chemicals. Int. J. Parasitol. 24(5): 581-587.
Odaibo, A.B., Christensen, N.O. and Ukoli F.M.A. 1988. Establishment, survival and fecundity in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) infections in NMRI mice. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 55(2): 265-269.
Odaibo, A.B., Christensen, N.O. and Ukoli F.M.A. 1989. Further studies on the population regulation in Echinostoma caproni infections in NMRI mice. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington. 56(2): 192-198.
Schmidt, J. 1998. Glycan vesicle formation in vitellocytes and hatching vacuoles in eggs of Echinostoma caproni and Fasciola hepatica (Digenea). Tissue Cell. 30(4): 416-426.
Srisawangwong, T., Chantaluk, S., Sithithaworn, P., and Charoensiri, D.J. 2004. Infectivity, growth and fecundity of Echinostoma malayanum in mice. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 35(1): 302-305.
Toledo, R. 2009. Echinostomes in the definitive host: A model for the study of host-parasite relationships. In: Fried, B., Toledo, R., editors. The Biology of Echinostomes. Springer, New York, p. 89-109.
Toledo, R., Carpena, I., Espert, A., Sotillo, J., Munoz-Antoli, C. and Esteban, J.G. 2006. A Quantitative approach to the experimental transmission success of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in rats. J. Parasitol. 92(1): 16-20.
Toledo, R., Espert, A., Carpena, I., Munoz-Antoli, C. and Esteban, J.G. 2003. An experimental study of the reproductive success of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in the golden hamster. Parasitol. 126(5): 433-441.
Toledo, R., Espert, A., Carpena, I., Munoz-Antoli, C., Fried, B. and Esteban J.G. 2004. The comparative development of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) adults in experimentally infected hamsters and rats. Parasitol. Res. 93(6): 439-444.