Effect of chlorpyrifos mixture with cypermethrin (pesticide) on morphological changes and Acetylcholinesterase expression in Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the chlorpyrifos mixture with cypermethrin insecticide on golden apple snails by assessing the cumulative mortality, behavior alteration, internal and external morphological appearance and expression of acetylcholinesterase in golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). We found that the snail exposed to chlorpyrifos mixture with cypermethrin at concentrations 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µl/L for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs showed an increase in cumulative mortality with exposure time while we did not find mortality in the control group (without exposure). The mortality firstly detected at 72 hrs. after exposure in all concentrations. The detectable behavior change occurred after exposure for 1 hr at a concentration of 10 µl/L. The behavior change detected was excretion and a little movement on the experimental tank. The external morphology was not changed in the color and shell appearance. The internal morphological changes firstly occurred in the exposure of 25 µl/L for 24 hrs. We found their tissue being decayed and acetylcholinesterase expression being decreased with an increase in exposure time and concentration after being evaluated by using the dot blot technique. Therefore, golden apple snails could be bio-indicator for chlorpyrifos mixture with cypermethrin insecticide in an aquatic environment.