Effects of By-Products from Oil Palm in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) in Goat Feed for Nutrient Utilization, Volatile Fatty Acid and Blood Metabolize
Keywords:
Oil Palm, Total Mixed Ration, Volatile Fatty Acidn, Blood Metabolite, GoatAbstract
The research aimed to study effect of by-products from oil palm of total mixed ration (TMR) in goat
feed for nutrient utilization, volatile fatty acid, and blood metabolite in goats. Five Thai Native x Anglo-Nubian
50% crossbred male goat, 1.1±0.02 years old with average body weight (BW) of 25±3 kg, were arranged in
5 x 5 Latin Square Design. The goat were fed with ad libitum of total mixed ration of rice straw 30% (RS
30%) (TMR1), total mixed ration of oil palm frond 30% and palm kernel cake 20% and palm oil sludge 30%
(OPF 30% +PKC 20% + POS 30%) (TMR2), total mixed ration of oil palm frond 30% and palm kernel cake
40% (TMR OPF 30% +PKC 40%) (TMR3), total mixed ration of oil palm frond 30% and palm kernel cake 20%
and palm oil sludge 20% (OPF 30% +PKC 20% + POS 20%) (TMR4) and total mixed ration of oil palm frond
30% and palm kernel cake 25% and palm oil sludge 25% (OPF 30% +PKC 20% + POS 20%) (TMR5).
The results showed that dry matter intake and protein intake in the goat group fed TMR2 and
TMR4 were significant higher than TMR1, TMR3 and TMR4 (P<0.05). The digestibility of dry matter in the
group fed TMR2, TMR4 and TMR5 were significant higher than TMR1 and TMR3 (P<0.05). Moreover, the
digestibility of crude protein in the group fed TMR2 and TMR4 were significant higher than TMR1, TMR3,
and TMR5 (P<0.05). The highest nitrogen balance was in goat fed group TMR2. And the nitrogen balance
was significantly different. The mean of acetic acid in rumen fluid in the group fed TMR1, TMR2, TMR4 and
TMR5 were significantly higher than TMR3 (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean of propionic acid in group fed
TMR3 and TMR5 were significantly higher than TMR1, TMR2 and TMR4 (P<0.05). And the mean of butyric
acid in the group fed TMR1 and TMR5 were significantly higher than TMR2, TMR3 and TMR4 (P<0.05).
The pH ammonia nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid, pack cell volume, blood urea nitrogen, and blood
glucose of all groups of the goats were also not significantly different (P>0.05). Thus, the by products from
oil palm as a total mixed ration source, had no effect on feed intake, nutrient utilization, volatile fatty acid,
and blood metabolite in goats.
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