Predicting Factors of Executive Function Development among Preschoolers in Orhanages
Keywords:
Executive Function, Preschool Children, Orphanages, Sleep Behavior, Language DevelopmentAbstract
Background and Objectives Executive function development is a fundamental foundation for learning, emotional regulation, and behavioral control in children. Preschool children with well-developed executive functions can engage in analytical thinking, planning, problem-solving, impulse control, and social adaptation in the future. This study aimed to examine factors predicting executive function development among preschool children living in orphanages.
Methods This study employed a predictive correlational research design. The simple random sampling of 85 preschool children aged 3- 6 years residing in three government orphanages in Bangkok and its surrounding areas. Samples were selected using a multistage random sampling. The research instruments consisted of four questionnaires: a general information; Child’s Sleeping Habits: Thai version (abridged version); a preschool language development; and the Executive Function Development for Early Childhood. The second and fourth questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients of 0.78 and 0.96, respectively. The language development questionnaires showed a sensitivity of 41.70% and a specificity of 75.50%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Results The overall executive function development of preschool children in orphanages was at a moderate level, with a mean score of 81.61 (S.D. = 25.20, range = 14-127) and a mean T-score of 51. Gender was identified as only significant predictor, explaining 33.40% of the variance in executive function development (R² = .334, p < .001). Boys showed significantly lower executive function development than girls (β = -.578, p < .001).
Conclusion and Recommendations Gender significantly predicts executive function development among preschool children living in orphanages. Pediatric nurses and child caregivers are encouraged to develop appropriate strategies to enhance executive function skills, particularly among boys.
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