Application of Geographic Information Systems for Flood Risk Assessment in Phran Kratai District, Kamphaeng Phet Province
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Abstract
This study aims to identify the factors influencing flood occurrences and to assess flood risk areas in Phran Kratai District, Kamphaeng Phet Province, by applying Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in combination with spatial potential analysis. Eight factors were considered: slope, elevation, rainfall, soil drainage, distance from water sources, historical flood areas, land use, and population density. The weight and score of each factor were determined based on secondary data obtained from 15 related research studies. The factors were categorized and weighted accordingly to establish criteria for flood risk assessment. The results revealed that slope and land use were the most influential factors in flood risk. Areas with slopes between 6–15 degrees and agricultural land were identified as highly flood-prone, accounting for 45.65% and 76.83% of the total risk areas, respectively. Interestingly, areas without previous flood records showed high to very high flood risk, representing 88.58% of the flood-prone zones. Flood risk levels were classified into five categories: moderate risk (32.68%), low risk (25.17%), high risk (23.89%), very high risk (10.43%), and very low risk (7.83%). Sub-districts with over 50% of their area falling into high or very high-risk categories included Khui Ban O, Huai Yang, and Wang Tabaek. The study recommends using the resulting flood risk maps as a tool for flood prevention and management planning in cooperation with relevant agencies. Key measures include designating flood retention zones, preserving natural buffer areas, regulating construction in high-risk areas, improving waterways and drainage systems, and enhancing preparedness in high-risk communities.
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