Potential of Biogas Production from Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Its Utilization
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Abstract
This research aimed to study the potential of biogas production from palm empty fruit bunches which were difficult to digest. The palm empty fruit bunches with swine manure on the steel sieve at the top part of the 3-section bioreactor were fermented in the anaerobic solid state. The wastewater in the middle part of the 3-section bioreactor was sprayed on fermented material 5 liters per day. It was found that the system produced the highest biogas of 10.52-10.83 liters per day with methane content of 66.98-68.49%. The sprayed wastewater gravimetrically flew to the bottom part of the 3-section bioreactor for utilization and the new wastewater was then sprayed on the top part of the 3-section bioreactor. Fermentation materials could be reused for biogas production with high nutrient contents which met the soil improvement material standard. Fermentation materials were mixed with soil 1 : 1 (w/w) for bok choy planting. Liquid bio-fertilizer was used for watering until 20 days and compared to tap water. It was found that bok choy planted with fermentation material and watered with liquid bio-fertilizer gave the higher wet and dry weights of 37.50 and 2.04 g per plant, respectively. Liquid bio-fertilizer from recycled sprayed wastewater was used for hydroponics plantation. Liquid bio-fertilizer was mixed with nutrient solution at a concentration of 0 25 50 75 and 100 % v/v and used for plantation for 20 days. It was found that bok choy watered with the liquid bio-fertilizer and 25% nutrient solution obtained the highest wet and dry weights of 54.90 and 3.11 g per plant, respectively. Therefore, the biogas production from palm empty fruit bunches could be considered as a zero waste guideline for the cost-effective and sustainable management of agricultural waste.
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