Inhibitory Effect of Microalgae Crude Extracts on Antifungal in Fruit Rot Disease of Rambutan
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Abstract
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) is a tropical fruit in Thailand that has economic value in the market, however the fruit rot disease caused by various fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. affects both quality and shelf life. Many farmers used chemicals such as copper oxychloride and sulfur to control the disease, but the use of chemicals affects health and environment as well as increases costs. This research aimed to screen the microalgae in the soil collected from Nam Rad Forest Headwaters, Khiri Rat Nikhom District, Surat Thani, and to test the antifungal activity from the crude extracts against fruit rot disease. The screening results showed 8 species of microalgae, including Haematococcus sp., Fischerella sp, Oscillatoria sp., Hapalosiphon sp., Calothrix sp., Anabaena sp., Aphanocapsa sp. and Scytonema sp. and 4 isolates of fungi cause the fruit rot disease in rambutan, including Penicillium sp., Corticium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., and Lasiodiplodia sp. Microalgae extracted by methanol yielded 4.45 - 5.37 percent, while the ethyl acetate-extracted yielded 4.48 - 5.39 percent. The evaluation of antifungal activity using disc diffusion technique revealed that the extraction from 3 genera of microalgae cultured in BG-11 medium for 12 days, including Oscilatoria sp., Fischerella sp., and Anabaena sp., could inhibit the rambutan fruit rot disease fungi. Oscillatoria sp. extracted with methanol had the most effective inhibition activity against the rambutan fruit rot disease caused by Lasiodiplopia spp. followed by Oscillatoria sp. extracted with ethyl acetate, with a mean inhibition zone of 15.25 and 14.5 mm, respectively. Anabaena sp. extracted with ethyl acetate inhibited the growth of Corticium sp., while Fischerella sp. extracted with methanol inhibited the growth of Lasiodiplopia spp. with a mean inhibition zone of 11.05 mm.
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