Some Hematological Parameter and Survival Rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed with Dietary Garlic Cloves (Allium sativum) in Post-Challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on some hematological parameters and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The Nile tilapia with 10.00±0.05 g/fish initial body weight were fed with diet supplemented with 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 g/ kg of feed for 45 days. After that, challenged with A. hydrophila was performed and mortality rate was recorded. The challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that fish fed diets supplemented with garlic in all levels had statistically significant lower mortality rate than the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, some hematological studies in fish fed dietary garlic at pre- and post- challenged with A. hydrophila were compared with the control fish. The results revealed that fish fed with garlic at all levels had significantly higher red blood cell and white blood cell counts than the control group (p<0.05). From the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of dietary garlic can promote immune responses and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in tilapia.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The content and information in the article published in Journal of Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya It is the opinion and responsibility of the author of the article. The editorial journals do not need to agree. Or share any responsibility.
References
Abd El-Gawad, E.A., Asely, A.M.El., Soror, E.I., Abbass, A.A. and Austin, B. 2020. Effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf on the immune response and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. Aquaculture International 28: 389-402.
Abdelwahab, M.A., El-Bahr, S.M. and Al-Khamees, S. 2020. Influence of Dietary Garlic (Allium sativum) and/or Ascorbic Acid on Performance, Feed Utilization, Body Composition and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters of Juvenile Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer). Animals 10: 2396. doi:10.3390/ani10122396.
Abu-Elala, N., Abdelsalam, M., Marouf, Sh. and Setta, A. 2015. Comparative analysis of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and gyrB-based phylogeny of motile Aeromonas species isolates from Nile tilapia and domestic fowl. Letters in Apply Microbiology 61: 429-436.
Adetumbi, M., Javor, G.T. and Lau, B.H. 1986. Allium sativum Garlic: inhibits lipid synthesis by Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 30: 499-501.
Ahilan, B., Nithiyapriyatharshini, A. and Ravaneshwaran, K. 2010. Influence of certain herbal additives on the growth, survival and disease resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 6: 5-11.
Aly, S.M. and Mohamed, M.F. 2010. Echinacea purpurea and Allium sativum as immunostimulants in fish culture using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94: e31-e39.
Das, R., Raman, R.P., Saha, H. and Singh, R. 2015. Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi) extract on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Research 46: 1111-1121.
De Pablo, M.A. and De Cienfuegos, G.A. 2000. Modulatory effects of dietary lipids on immune system functions. Immunology and Cell Biology 78: 31.
Department of Fisheries. 2021. Statistics of freshwater aquaculture production 2019. Published documents, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. (in Thai)
Diab, A.S., Aly, S.M., John, G., Abd El-Hady, Y. and Mohammed, M.F. 2008. Effect of garlic, black seed and Biogen as immunostimulants on the growth and survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and their response to artificial infection with Pseudomonas fluorescens. African Journal of Aquatic Science 33: 63-68.
Diab, A.S., El-Nagar, G.O. and Abd-El-Hady, Y.M. 2002. Evaluation of Nigella sativa L (black seeds, baraka), Allium sativum (garlic) and Biogen as feed additives on growth performance and immunostimulants of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal 2: 745-775.
Eirna-liza, N., Saad, C.R., Hassim, H.A. and Murni, K. 2016. The effects of dietary inclusion of garlic on growth performance and disease resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Journal of Environmental Biology 37(Special issue): 817-824.
Ellis, A.E. 1988. General principles of fish vaccination, pp. 1-19. In Ellis. A.E. ed. Fish vaccination. Academic Press, London.
Fall, J. and Tanekhy. 2015. The effect of allicin on innate immune genes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L). Journal of Applied Biotechnology 4(1): 1-12.
Farahi, A., Kasiri, M., Sudagar, M., Iraei, M.S. and Shahkolaei, M.D. 2010. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth factors, some hematological parameters and body compositions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation 3: 317-323.
Fazio, F. 2019. Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture 500: 237-242.
Guo, J.J., Kuo, C.M., Chuang, Y.C., Hong, J.W., Chou, R.L. and Chen, T.I. 2012. The effects of garlic-supplemented diets on antibacterial activity against Streptococcus iniae and on growth in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture 364-365: 33-38.
Harikrishnan, R., Nisha Rani, M., and Balasundaram. C. 2003. Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture 221: 41-50.
Heo, K., Odle, J., Han, I.K., Cho, W., Seo, S., van Heugton, E. and Pilington, D.H. 2000. Dietary l-carnitine improves nitrogen utilization in growing pigs fed low energy, fat-containing diets. The Journal of Nutrition 130: 1809-1814.
Huchette, O., Kahane, R. and Bellamy, C. 2005. Influence of environ and genetic factors on the allicin content of garlic bulbs. Acta Horticulture 688: 93-99.
Iranloye, B.O. 2002. Effect of chronic garlic feeding on some haematological parameters. African Journal of Biomedical Research 5: 81-82.
Jeorg, H.G. and Lee, Y.W. 1998. Protective effect of daily sulfide on Nnitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. Cancer Letters 11: 73-79.
Kalyankar, A.D., Gupta, R.K., Bansal, N., Sabhlok, V.P. and Singh, D. 2013. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Against Aeromonas Hydrophila and Health Management of Swordtail, Xiphophorus Helleri. Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainability 1(2): 41-48.
Karimi Pashaki, A., Ghasemi, M., Zorriehzahra, M.J., Sharif Rohani, M. and Hosseini, S.M. 2020. Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) extract on survival rate, blood and immune parameters changes and disease resistance of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758) against Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(3): 1024-1039.
Kumar, N., Sharma, J., Singh, S.P., Singh, A., Krishna, V.H. and Chakrabart, R. 2019. Validation of growth enhancing, immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties of Achyranthes aspera in Labeo rohita fry in pond conditions. Heliyon 5(2): e01246. doi:10.1016/j.
heliyon.2019.e01246.
Kyo, E., Uda, N., Suzuki, A., Kakimoto, M., Ushijima, M., Kasuga, S. and Itakura, Y. 1998. Immunomodulation and antitumor activities of aged garlic extract. Phytomedicine 5: 259-267.
Li, Y., Xu, S.Y. and Sun, D.W. 2007. Preparation of garlic powder with high allicin content by using combined microwave- vacuum and vacuum drying as well as microencapsulation. Journal of Food Engineering 83: 76-83.
Mapanao, R., Churnate, W. and Nithikulworawong, N. 2019. Antibacterial property and potential use mulberry leaves (Morus alba Linn.) as dietary supplement on growth performance and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Science and Technology Ubon Ratchathani University 21(2): 1-9. (in Thai)
Ndong, D. and Fall, J. 2011. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus). Journal of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology Research 3(1): 1-9.
Nielsen, M.E., Høi, L., Schmidt, A.S., Qian, D., Shimada, T., Shen, J.Y. and Larsen J.L. 2001. Is Aeromonas hydrophila the dominant motile Aeromonas species that causes disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the Zhejiang Province of China?. Disease of Aquatic Organism 46: 23-29.
Nwabueze, A.A. 2012. The Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Growth and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Sustainable Agriculture Research 1: 224-226.
Nya, E.J. and Austin, B. 2009. Use of garlic, Allium sativum, to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Disease 32(11): 963-970.
Nya, E.J. and Austin, B. 2011. Development of immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) to Aeromonas hydrophila after the dietry application of garlic. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 845-850.
Nya, E.J., Dawood, Z. and Austin, B. 2010. The garlic component, allicin, prevents disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Disease 33: 293-300.
Osuigwe, D.I., Obiekezie, A.I. and Onuoha, G.C. 2005. Some haematological changes in hybrid catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis x Clarias gariepinus) different dietary levels of raw and boiled jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) seed meal. African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 1017-1021.
Ress, L.P., Minney, S.F., Plummer, N.J., Slater, J.H. and Skyrme, D.A. 1993. A quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity of garlic Allium sativum. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 9: 303-307.
Rose, P., Whiteman, M., Moore, P.K. and Zhu, Y.Z. 2005. Bioactive S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Natural Product Reports 22: 351-368.
Sahu, S., Das, B., Mishra, B.K. Pradhan, J. and Sarangi, N. 2007. Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 80-86.
Sasmal, D., Babu, S.S. and Abraham, T.J. 2005. Effect of garlic Allium sativum extract on the growth and disease resistance of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758). Indian Journal of Fisheries 52: 207-214.
Seden, M.E.A., Ahmad, M.H., El-Tawil, N.E. and Amer, T.N. 2014. Influence of using garlic powder Allium sativum as a feed additive on growth performance and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds 17(2): 339-347.
Seeley, R.R., Stephens, T.D. and Tate, P. 1992. Anatomy and Physiology. SRAC Publication 473: 1-3.
Setijaningsih, L. Setiadi, E., Taufik, I. and Mulyasari. 2021. The effect of garlic Allium sativum addition in feed to the growth performance and immune response of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/744/1/012072.
Shalaby, A.M., Khattab, Y.M. and Abdel Rahman, A.M. 2006. Effects of garlic Allium sativum and chloramphenicol on growth performance, physiological parameters and survival of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 12: 172-201.
Thanikachalam, K., Kasi, M. and Rathinam, X. 2010. Effect of garlic peel on growth, hematological parameters and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Bloch) fingerlings. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 3(8): 614-618.
Weber, D.N., Anderson, D.O., North, J.A., Murray, B.K., Lawson, L.D. and Hughes, B.G. 1992. In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum garlic: extract and compounds. Planta Medica 58: 417-423.
Williams, C. and Lloyd, D. 2012. Composition and antimicrobial properties of sulphur containing constituents of garlic (Allium sativum), pp. 287-304. In Val-gimigli, L., ed. Essential oils as natural food additives: Composition, Quality and Antimicrobial Activity. Nova Publishers, New York.