Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Plant Essential Oils against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
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Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition and antibacterial properties of plant essential oils (Citrus hystrix leaves, Citrus maxima peels, Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf leaves, Illicium verum Hooker seeds, and Syzygium aromaticum L. flower buds) were evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria. GC-MS was used to determine the composition of the essential oils, which were produced using hydrodistillation. The main constituents of Citrus hystrix and Citrus maxima essential oils were citronellal, while Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Illicium verum Hooker, and Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oils were geraniol, anethole, and eugenol, respectively. Based on the results of the disc diffusion method, the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum L. inhibited all three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) with MICs of 0.234 to 0.938 mg/ml and MBCs of 0.469 to 1.875 mg/ml, which is less than gentamicin (MICs and MBCs of 0.117-0.938 mg/ml). Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil exhibited the lowest MIC against E. coli ATCC 25922 (0.234 mg/ml), while Cymbopogon citratus essential oil showed the lowest MIC against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (0.117 mg/ml), the same MIC as gentamicin. All essential oils exhibited a bactericidal effect with an MBC/MIC ratio ranging from 1.0 to 2.0.
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