Larvicidal and Repellent Activities of Crude Extracts and Essential Oils from Eupatorium odorata Against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles dirus B

Abstract

Saabseua (Eupatorium odorata) is a weed that has many biological activities.
Therefore, this research was interested in the extraction method and its application for
larvicidal (3rd and 4th instar larvae) and repellent activities against Aedes aegypti, Culex
quinquefasciatus and Anopheles dirus B. The leaf, stem and root parts of E. odorata were
extracted by using water, ethanol and methanol as solvents. The results showed the yield
of crude extract from leaf by methanol was 29.19±2.71 %, which was significantly higher
than other solvents. Moreover, the yield of essential oil extracted from leaf (0.25±0.015 %)
was significantly higher than from the stem and root. The crude extract from the ethanol
root extract exhibited moderate larvicidal activity against Anopheles dirus B and Cx.
quinquefasciatus. While, the crude extract from leaf by methanol found high tannins and
saponins which demonstrated moderate repellent activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
The essential oil extracted from leaf showed moderate larvicidal activity against
Anopheles dirus B. However, the protection times of essential oil extracted from leaf at
the concentration of 0.60 mg/cm2 of skin was 107.67 ± 3.72, 95.00±3.28 and 83.0±3.16 min
against Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. dirus B and Ae. aegypti, respectively. The main
components of essential oil extracted from leaf was caryophyllene oxide, t-muurolol and
humulene epoxide; these components are suitable for development of the natural
repellent product.