Antimicrobial Effect of Deodorant Products Containing Rhinacanthus nasutus Extract for Reducing Armpit Odor
Keywords:
Armpit odor, Microbiota, Roll-on deodorant, Rhinacanthus nasutus extractAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of developing a roll-on deodorant that can reduce armpit microbiota bacteria to decrease armpit odor. The richest apocrine sweat glands in the armpit region secrete a variety of odor precursors that are transformed into volatile odoriferous substances by bacterial enzymes on the skin surface. The dominant armpits microbiota included four groups of bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Propionibacterium spp., and also fungi or yeasts. Two formulas of the roll-on deodorant products, RDEOF-1 and RDEOF-2 were developed. RDEOF-2 contained an ethanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz leaves inhibited several microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Sixteen healthy volunteers showed satisfactory assessment for RDEOF-2 that was greater than RDEOF-1. Armpit bacteria were collected by swab method and armpit odor was evaluated by ASTM method. Results showed dominant bacteria of two genera including Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. in all swab samples that mainly cause armpit odor. Armpit bacterial numbers before using deodorants were high in the range of 2x103 to 9x105 (CFU/mL). After applying RDEOF-1 and RDEOF-2, bacterial numbers decreased in the range of 1x103 to 8x105 and 3x102 to 4x105 (CFU/mL), respectively. Armpit bacteria were found in males more than in females. Deodorant products containing R. nasutus extract have been shown to reduce the bacteria that cause armpit odor. Therefore, the development of the deodorant product with natural plant extracts is warranted.
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