Local Production and Characterization of Biochar from Bamboo Waste and the Removal of Natural Organic Matter from Nakhon Nayok River, Thailand
Keywords:
Bamboo, Biochar, Characterization, NOMAbstract
The objective of this research was to produce a biochar from bamboo handicraft waste via pyrolysis process using a modified 200 L steel drum kiln. The temperature outside the kiln-producing biochar appeared around 500-600°C, closely related to the temperature of slow pyrolysis. The physical and chemical properties of bamboo biochar (BB) were characterized by using proximate and ultimate analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area techniques, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that 28.76 ± 2.22% of BB yield with 77.07 ± 1.92 % fixed carbon. As the morphology properties, its surface area and total pore were 247.5 ± 7.1 m2 g-1 and 0.16 ± 0.02 cm3 g-1, respectively. Batch test for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) in Nakhon Nayok River, by adsorbed on BB was studied. The results showed that the percentage reduction of dissolve organic matter (DOC) and absorbance at 254 nm at equilibrium were 71.33 ± 1.46 and 76.51 ± 2.01, respectively, while the adsorption capacity was 4.75 mg.g-1 DOC. Pseudo-second order kinetic model was best suited for describing the adsorption of DOC onto BB. This suggests that interaction of NOM on BB were explored in terms of multicomponent adsorption, which the heterogeneous distribution of the adsorptive sites at biochar surfaces. It was found that biochar is suitable for the adsorption of NOM from surface water and is a low-cost effective adsorbent in the treatment of wastewater. Biochar can be applied for a variety of purposes for example: as biofuels, adsorbents and as soil amendments. In addition, the biochar kiln is small and easy to create, creates no smoke, inexpensive, easy to use, does not take much time to produce and has an eco-friendly processing.
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