Preparation and Adsorption Properties of a Biosorbent from Banana Peel for Use as Natural Vitamin Beads in Cosmetic Products
Keywords:
Biosorbent, Cellulose, Banana peel, Natural beadsAbstract
The purpose of this research was to produce natural vitamin beads using a biosorbent from banana peel as an alternative to plastic vitamin beads for use in cosmetic products. The new biosorbents could be prepared by an extraction process in combination with a hydrothermal technique and physical processing. The biosorbent material has high fiber content, up to 45.25% by weight, particle sizes in the range of 10-160 μm, with a specific surface area of 21.5 m2/g and a point of zero charge at pH 6.83. It has a high cellulose crystallinity index (Icr) equal to 59.2%. It could be manufactured with a yield of 8.85%. The study on the adsorption equilibrium of this biosorbent material showed that the Langmuir isotherm fits better for the adsorption process (R2 = 0.9912) than the Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.9532) which presented a monolayer surface adsorption mechanism confirmed by XRD of vitamin C from released solution. The biosorbent from banana peel has an effective adsorption capacity for vitamin C (5% solution) of 545 mg/g and the release efficiency of vitamin C was 80% in water. In addition, an increase of adsorption capacity from 27 to 50 °C showed that the adsorption reaction between the biosorbent and vitamin C was endothermic. We have concluded that biosorbent from banana peel can be prepared by a hydrothermal method that is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. This biosorbent material can be used as a natural alternative to polyethylene beads for vitamin C release in cosmetic products for antioxidant effect. The product from this research is a new category that combines natural materials with active ingredients to be used in cosmetic applications to ensure health safety and environmental protection.
References
Ahmad, R., & Kumar, R. (2008). Adsorption study of patent blue VF using ginger waste material. J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 1, 85-94.
Ahmad, R., & Kumar, R. (2010). Adsorption studies of hazardous malachite green onto treated ginger waste. J. Environ. Manag., 91, 1032-1038.
Aksu, Z., Tatli, A., & Tunc, O. (2008). A comparative adsorption/biosorption study of acid blue: Effect of temperature on equilibrium and kinetic parameters. Chem. Eng. J., 142, 23-39.
Andrady, A.L. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62(8), 1596-1605.
AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis (17th ed.). Washington, DC.: USA.
Arora, S., Siddiqui, S., Gehlot, R., & Ahmed, N. (2018). Effects of anti-browning pretreatments on browning of banana pulp. Int .J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 7(4), 242-249.
Bharathi, K.S., & Ramash, S.T. (2013). Removal of dyes using agricultural wastes as low-cost adsorbents: A review. Appl. Water. Sci., 3, 773-790.
Bhasney, S.M., Kumar, A., & Katiyar, V. (2020). Microcrystalline cellulose, polylactic acid and polypropylene biocomposites and its morphological, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. Composites Part B: Engineering, 184, 107717.
Chairgulprasert, V., Japakeya, A., & Samaae, H. (2013). Phytoremediation of synthetic wastewater by adsorption of lead and zinc onto Alpinia galangal Willd. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 35(2), 227-233.
Chowdhury, S., & Saha, P.D. (2012). Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by a waste biomaterial: Hen feathers. Applied Water Science, 2, 209–219.
Constant, S., Barakat, A., Robitzer, M., Renzo, F.D., Dumas, C., & Quignard, F. (2016). Composition, texture and methane potential of cellulosic residues from Lewis acids organosolv pulping of wheat straw. Bioresource Technology, 216, 737-743.
Dufresne, A., Cavaille, J.-Y., & Vignon, M. R. (1997). Mechanical behavior of sheets prepared from sugar beet cellulose microfibrils. Journal of Applied PolymerScience, 64(6), 1185–1194.
Duis, K., & Coors, A. (2016). Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: sources (with a specific focus on personal care products), fate and effects. Environ. Sci. Eur., 28(2), 1-25.
Garcia, M.E., García, M.C.G., Gracida, J., Hernández, H.M.H., Arvizu, J.A.G., Pierro, P.D., & González, C.R. (2022). Properties and biodegradability of films based on cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals from corn cob in mixture with chitosan. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 10560.
Gowthaman, S., Nakashima, K., & Kawasaki, S. (2018). A State-of-the-art review on soil reinforcement technology using natural plant fiber materials: Past findings, present trends and future directions. Materials, 11(4), 553.
Habib, R.Z., Aldhanhani, J.A.K., Ali, A.H., Ghebremedhin, F., Elkashlan, M, Mesfun, M, …Thiemann, T. (2022). Trends of microplastic abundance in personal care products in the United Arab Emirates over the period of 3 years (2018–2020). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 89614–89624.
Jimenez, A., Fabra, M.J., Talens, P., & Chiralt, A. (2012). Edible and biodegradable starch films: A review. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(6), 2058-2076.
Khawas, P., & Deka, S.C. (2016). Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from culinary banana peel using high-intensity ultrasonication combined with chemical treatment. Carbohydrate Polymers, 137, 608-616.
Kumar, R., Kumari, S., Surah, S., Rai, B., Kumar, R., Sirohi, S., & Kumar, G. (2019). A simple approach for the isolation of cellulose nanofibers from banana fibers and characterization. Materials Research Express, 6(10), 1088.
Li, W., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Li, R., & Zhou, W. (2015). Characterization of cellulose from banana pseudo-stem by heterogeneous liquefaction. Carbohydrate Polymers, 132, 513–519.
Madhushani, W.H., Priyadarshana, I., Kaliyadasa, E., Ranawana, C., & Senarathna, C. (2020). Preparation and characterization of nanofibers extracted from banana pseudostems. Conference: GARI Winter Multidisciplinary Symposium 2020, 17th December 2020 (pp.39-46). Global Academic Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Menon, M.P., Selvakumar, R., Kumar, P.S., & Ramakrishna, S. (2017). Extraction and modification of cellulose nanofibers derived from biomass for environmental application. RSC Advances, 7, 42750–42773.
Mohapatra, D., Mishra, S., & Sutar, N. (2010). Banana and its by-product utilisation: An overview. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 69(5), 323-329.
Nagarajaganesh, B., Ganeshan, P., Ramshankar, P., & Raja, K. (2019). Assessment of natural cellulosic fibers derived from Senna auriculata for making light weight industrial biocomposites, Industrial Crops and Products, 139, 111546.
Nguyen, T.T., Thi, B.T.N., Phan, P.T., Le, T.T., Thi, Q.A.N., Bach, L.G., …Nguyen, N.H. (2021). Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose from banana pseudo-stem for adsorption of organics from aqueous solution. Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48(4), 368-378.
NYS AOG. (2015). Discharging microbeads to our waters: An examination of wastewater treatment plants in New York. New York: Environmental Protection Bureau, New York State Office of the Attorney General.
Olivito, F., Algieri, V., Jiritano, A., Tallarida, M.A., Tursi, A., Costanzo, P., … Nino, A.D. (2021). Cellulose citrate: A convenient and reusable bioadsorbent for effective removal of methylene blue dye from artificially contaminated water. RSC Advances, 11, 34309–34318.
Pelissari, M.F., Sobral, P.J.A., & Menegalli, F.C. (2014). Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from banana peels. Cellulose, 21(1), 417–432.
Phanthong, P., Reubroycharoen, P., Hao, X., Xu, G., Abudula, A., & Guan, G. (2018). Nanocellulose: Extraction and application. Carbon Resources Conversion, 1(1), 32-43.
Saleh, T.A. (2021). Protocols for synthesis of nanomaterials, polymers, and green materials as adsorbents for water treatment technologies. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 101821.
Segal, L., Creely, J.J., Martin, A.E., & Conrad, C.M. (1959). An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the x-ray diffractometer. Textile Research Journal, 29, 786-794.
Sharma, R., Oberoi, H.S., & Dhillon, G.S. (2016). AgroIndustrial Wastes as Feedstock for Enzyme Production: Chapter 2 - Fruit and vegetable processing waste: Renewable feed stocks for enzyme production.
San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press. Shi, S., Zhang, M., Ling, C., Hou, W., & Yan, Z. (2018). Extraction and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics via hydrothermal method. Waste Management, 82, 139-146.
Siddiqui, M.N. (2017). Developing an effective adsorbent from asphaltene for the efficient removal of dyes in aqueous solution. Desalination and Water Treatment, 67, 371–380.
Singanusong, R., & Sodchit, C. (2011). Production of cellulose from banana peels. Agricultural Science Journal, 42(3), 741-744.
Tang, F., Li, Y., Huang, J., Tang, J., Chen, X., Yu, H.-Y., … Tang, D. (2021). An environmentally friendly and economical strategy to cyclically produce cellulose nanocrystals with high thermal stability and high yield. Green Chemistry, 23, 4866-4872.
Tibolla, H., Pelissari, F.M., Martins, J.T., Vicente, A.A., & Menegalli, F.C., (2018). Cellulose nanofibers produced from banana peel by chemical and mechanical treatments: Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment. Food Hydrocolloids, 75, 192-201.
Wanprakhona, S., Pattaraphutanon, P., Borvornsudhasin, P., & Choocherd, N. (2021). Chemical and surface properties of activated carbon from banana peel by dry chemical activation. Journal of Materials Science and Applied Energy, 10(3), 96-105.
Yiying, Y., Jingquan, H., Guangping, H., Quanguo, Z., French, A.D., & Qinglin, W. (2015). Characterization of cellulose I/II hybrid fibers isolation from energycane bagasse during the delignification process: Morphology, crystallinity and percentage estimation. Carbohydrate Polymers, 133, 438-447.
Yunus, M.A., Raya, I., Maming, & Tuara1, Z.I. (2019). Extraction cellulose from rice husk. Indonesia Chimica Acta, 12(2), 79-83.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
