Development of Dosage form of Ya Kae Fok Buam Mueai Khop, a Thai Traditional Formula, and Its Phytochemical Contents and Anti-inflammatory Activity
Keywords:
Ya Kae Fok Buam Mueai Khop, Anti-inflammatory activity, Total phenolic content, Total flavonoid content, Total triterpenoid contentAbstract
Ya Kae Fok Buam Mueai Khop (YFBM), a traditional Thai formula, has long been used to relieve pain, aches and swelling, yet lacks substantial research evidence to support its use. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents, anti-inflammatory activity and development of a dosage form for YFBM. The formula comprises Crateva adansonii DC., Zingiber officinale Roscoe., Piper retrofractum Vahl., Putranjiva roxburghii Wall and Piper nigrum L. Extracts were prepared by maceration with 95% ethanol and decoction with distilled water. Phytochemical contents, including total phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids, were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method and vanillin-perchloric acid method, respectively. Cell viability of the extracts was assessed using the WST-1 assay. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in HDFn and C2C12 cells were examined. The ethanolic extract had the highest total phenolic, total flavonoid and total triterpenoid contents compared to the aqueous extract. Results indicated that both aqueous (62.5-500 µg/mL) and ethanolic extracts (62.5-125 µg/mL) were non-toxic to C2C12 cells, and similarly, aqueous (62.5-1,000 µg/mL) and ethanolic extracts (62.5–250 µg/mL) were non-toxic to HDFn cells. The ethanolic extract demonstrated superior inhibition of PGE2 and NO production in LPS-induced C2C12 and HDFn cells compared to the aqueous extract. The ethanolic extract was developed into four spray formulations and tested for physical and chemical stability at 27 ± 2 °C and 40 ± 2°C over 45 days. The spray formulations exhibited a greenish-yellow, clear appearance without sedimentation, with spray formula 2 maintaining consistent pH over 45 days at 27 ± 2 °C. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of YFBM possesses significant phytochemical profiles and anti inflammatory properties, supporting its traditional use and potential for pharmaceutical spray development.
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