Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitory, and HaCaT Cell Cytotoxic Activities of Leaf Extracts  from Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn.

Natthaphong  Lamkhwan; Aritsara  Sriraksa; Nuengruethai  Sinakkharanan; Aranya  Jutiviboonsuk; Suthira  Yanasob; Kanokporn  Sawasdee; Pattawat Seekhaw

Authors

Natthaphong Lamkhwan Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
Aritsara Sriraksa Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
Nuengruethai Sinakkharanan Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
Aranya Jutiviboonsuk Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
Suthira Yanasob Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
Kanokporn Sawasdee Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
Pattawat Seekhaw Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand

Keywords:

Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn., Antioxidant activity, Tyrosinase inhibitory, Cytotoxicity

Abstract

Natural medicines from plants have proved to display effective activity, especially through phytochemicals that can prevent or protect against various chronic diseases caused by free radicals. Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn., commonly known as Marian plum or Ma-Yong-Chid in Thai, is a perennial tree belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. It is closely related to plum mango that has been reported to possess significant biological activities, notably, with strong antioxidant activity in its leaf extract. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and HaCaT cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts from B. oppositifolia. Successive extraction of the dried leaf powder was carried out using three different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) via the maceration technique. The preliminary phytochemical screening of B. oppositifolia extracts revealed the presence of phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, phytosterols, glycosides, anthraquinones, diterpenes, triterpenoids, and tannins. Among the three extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol), the methanol extract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (74.25±3.31 mg GAE/g, dried leaf and 71.48±1.94 mg QE/g, dried leaf, respectively.), along with the strongest antioxidant capacity with IC₅₀ values of 1.39±0.40 µg/mL and 21.97±0.31 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, and a FRAP value of 505.55±24.32 mg FeSO₄/g, of dried leaf. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 242.90±7.48 µg/mL, and showed the lowest cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells (%cell viability of 59.04±0.15%, at the concentration of 1,000 mg/mL). This study suggests that leaf extracts from B. oppositifolia are abundant in potential antioxidant and biological activities and could be further applied in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

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