Food consumption, culture, and living environment's impact on stunting cases: A systematic review
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Stunting is a long-term nutritional problem in children, with many causal factors. This study aimed to review the role of food intake, culture, and living environment in Stunting cases. Narrative studies were conducted using scientific journal database sources originating from PubMed, Proquest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the search were culture, region, food intake, and stunting. The search included research published within the last five years, from 2017 to 2023. After the article was obtained, it was tabulated in an Excel table. A total of 168 articles were identified based on the search titles. Six articles focused on the impact of food Intake on stunting, and seven articles explored the relationship between living area and culture on the incidence of stunting. Factors influencing stunting, such as inadequate nutrition for pregnant women and limited access to supplements, as well as issues related to exclusive breastfeeding, were not optimally addressed. Among children, food restrictions were observed during their growth and development stages. Stunting was found to be more prevalent in rural areas compared to urban ones. In rural areas, the occurrence of stunting was linked to limited food availability and specific dietary practices within families. Conversely, in urban areas, stunting was associated with unhealthy snacking habits in children. The maternal diet during pregnancy and the dietary habits of children during their formative years exert significant influences on child development. Certain culture practices, such as lack of support for exclusive breastfeeding, and restrictions on certain foods for children, persist in some areas.
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