Potential of Chinese-Thai herbal extracts as natural sources of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, and antifungal compounds
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Abstract
This study explores the biological effects of three Chinese-Thai medicinal extracts: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. rhizome extract (AE), Morus alba L. stem extract (ME), and Camellia oleifera Abel. seed cake extract (CE). Their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay and the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, with anti-inflammation assessed by the heat-treating albumin protocol. Additionally, the antibacterial and antifungal effects were tested using a broth microdilution assay. The results showed that AE provided the highest percentage yield (26.57%), with ME having the highest TPC (35.84±1.27 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and TFC (23.3±1.48 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g). Although AE had the lowest TPC and TFC, it exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity: 61.39±4.4 mg/g; Ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity: 7.93±0.27 mg/g). AE showed the highest percentage inhibition of 14.86±1.99 on protein denaturation. Moreover, AE demonstrated the greatest efficacy in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Conversely, CE had the strongest antifungal action against T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and M. gypseum. This finding suggests that utilizing these extracts can contribute to improving health and well-being.
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