Regeneration of Adventitious Shoots from Callus and Leaf Explants in Jatropha curcas L. ‘Phetchaburi’
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Published:
Feb 4, 2015
Keywords:
physic nut plant growth regulators shoot regeneration tissue culture explants
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Abstract
The effect of cytokinins and auxins was evaluated in inducing a physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) callus while the effect of the combinations of cytokinin and either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or some growth additives was determined in regenerating adventitious shoot from a leaf segment. The results showed MS medium containing only 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) was the most effective medium for inducing morphogenic callus. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) gave the highest shoot regeneration percentage and shoot height from the callus. On the other hand, the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l IBA was the most effective medium for adventitious shoot regeneration and shoot height from the leaf segments.
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Na Chiangmai, P., Pootaeng-on, Y., Meetum, P., Kamkajon, K., Yuiam, W., Rungphan, N., & Ninkaew, P. (2015). Regeneration of Adventitious Shoots from Callus and Leaf Explants in Jatropha curcas L. ‘Phetchaburi’. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 9(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.14456/sustj.2015.3
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Research Articles
References
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Ahmed, M. R. and Anis, M. (2012). Role of TDZ in the quick regeneration of multiple shoots from nodal explant of Vitex trifolia L.-an important medicinal plant. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 168(5): 957-966.
Bandurska, H. (1993). In vitro and in vivo effect of proline on nitrate reductase activity under osmotic stress in barley. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 15: 83-88.
Bhansali, R. (1990). Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of plantlets in pomegranate. Annual of Botany, 66: 249-254.
Biradar, S., Waghmare, V., and Pandhure, N. (2012). In vitro callus and shoot induction in Jatropha curcas (Linn.). Trends of Life Sciences, 1: 38-41.
Burikam, S. and Kawita, R. (2007). Tissue Culture of Jatropha (Jatropha curcus L.) in vitro. [Online URL: https://rdi.ku.ac.th/kufair50/plant/
20_plant/20_plant.html] accessed on June 21, 2014. (Thai version)
Cao, X., Liu, Q., Rowland, L. J., and Hammerschlag, F. A. (1998). GUS expression in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.): factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer efficiency. Plant Cell Reports, 18: 266-270.
da Camara Machado, A., Frick, N. S., Kremen, R., Katinger, H., and da Camara Machado, M. L. (1997). Biotechnological approaches to the improvement of Jatropha curcas. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Jatropha, pp. 15. Managua, Nicaragua.
Divakara, B. N., Upadhyaya, H. D., Wani, S. P., and Laxmipatha Gowda, C. L. (2009). Biology and genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L.: A review. Applied Energy. Doi: 10.1016/j.apenerge. 2009.07.013.
Gallo-Meagher, M., English, R. G., and Abouzid, A. (2000). Thidizuron stimulatings shoot regeneration of sugarcane embryogenic callus. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 36: 37-40.
George, E. F. (1993). Part 1: The technology. In Plant propagation by tissue culture, 2nd ed, pp. 285-291. London: Exegetics Ltd.
Guo, B. Abbasi, B. H., Zeb, A., Xu, L. L., and Wei, Y. H. (2011). Thidiazuron: a multi-dimensional plant growth regulator. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(45): 8984-9000.
Heller, J. (1996). Physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. In Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. No 1, pp 66. Rome: International Plant Genetics Resource Institute.
Huetteman, C. A. and Preece, J. E. (1993). TDZ: a potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 33: 105-119.
Hutchinson, M. J., Senaratna, T., Tsujita, J. M., and Saxena, P. K. (1997). Somatic embryogenesis in liquid cultures of a tetraploid Alstroemeria. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 47: 293-297.
James, D. J., Preece, J. E., and Malhotra, S. B. (1984). Organogenesis in callus derived from stem and leaf tissues of apple and cherry rootstocks. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 3: 333-341.
Jha, T. B., Mukherjee, P., and Datta, M. M. (2007). Somatic embryogenesis in Jatropha curcas Linn an important biofuel plant. Plant Biotechnology Report, 1: 135-140.
Jose, J., Nimisha, K., Anu, M. A., and Nambisan, P. (2012). Evaluation of somaclonal variation in callus cultures of Jatropha curcas maintained on different hormonal combination using RAPD makers. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(6): 616-623.
Kaewpoo, M. and Te-chato, S. (2009). Influence of explant types and plant growth regulators on multiple shoot formation from Jatropha curcas. Science Asia, 35: 353-357.
Kapil, S. S. and Sharma, V. (2014). In-vitro propagation of Bacopa monneri: an important medicinal plant. International Journal of Current Biotechnology, 2(1): 7-10.
Karataş, M., Aasim, M., Çinar, A., and Dogan, M. (2013). Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explant of dwarf hygro (Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderso). The Scienctific World Journal, 2013: 1-7.
Khaleda, L. and Al-Forkan, M. (2006). Stimulatory effects of casein hydrolysate and proline in in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration from five deep water rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biotechnology, 5(3): 379-384.
Khurana-Kaul, V., Kachhwaha, S., and Kothari, S. L. (2010). Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Jatropha curcas in response to thidiazuron and high copper contents in the medium. Biologia Plantarum, 54(2): 369-372.
Kumar, N. and Reddy, M. P. (2010). Plant regeneration through the direct induction of shoot buds from petiole explants of Jatropha curcas: a biofuel plant. Annals of Applied Biology, 156(3): 367-375.
Li, M., Li, H., Jiang, H., Pan, X., and Wu, G. (2007). Extablishment of an Agrobacterium-mediated cotyledon disc transformation method for Jatropha curcas. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 92: 173-181.
Lin, H. S., van der Toorn, C., Raemakers, K. J. J. M., Visser, R. G. F., De Jeu, M. J., and Jacobsen, E. (2000). Development of a plant regeneration system based on friable embryogenic callus in the ornamental Alstroemeria. Plant Cell Reports, 19: 529-534.
Lu, C. Y. (1993). The use of TDZ in tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 29P: 92-96.
Maharana, S. B., Mahato, V., Behera, M., Mishra, R. R., and Panigrahi, J. (2012). In vitro regeneration from node and leaf explants of Jatropha curcas L. and evaluation of genetic fidelity through RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 280-287.
Mazumdar, P., Basu, A., Paul, A., Mahanta, C., and Sahoo, L. (2010). Age and orientation of the cotyledonary leaf explants determine the efficiency of de novo plant regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciences-mediated transformation in Jatropha curcas L. South African Journal of Botany, 76: 337-344.
Mehra, A. and Mehra, P. N. (1974). Organogenesis and plantlet formation in vitro in almond. Botanical Gazette, 135 (1): 61-73.
Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco cultures. Plant Physiology, 15: 473-497.
Murthy, B. N. S., Murch, S. J., and Saxena, P. K. (1998). Review: Thidiazuron: a potential regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 34: 267- 275.
Nunes, C. F., dos Santos, D. N., Pasqual, M., Valente, T. T., de Oliveira, A. C. L., Alves, E., and Setotaw, T. A. (2013). Morphogenesis and regeneration of adventitious shoots in Jatropha curcas L. Australia Journal of Crop Science, 7(10): 1511-1519.
Palai, S. K., Rout, G. R., and Das, P. (1997). Micropropagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) – interaction of growth regulators and culture conditions. In Proceedings of the national semimar on biotechnology of species and aromatic plants, pp. 20-24. Calicut, India.
Pan, J., Fu, Q., and Zeng-Fu, X. U. (2010). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of biofuel plant J. curcas using kanamycin selection. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 6477-6481.
Pellegrineschi, A. (1997). In vitro plant regeneration via organogenesis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp.]. Plant Cell Reports, 17: 89-95.
Preece, J. E. and Imel, M. R. (1991). Plant regeneration from leaf explants of Rhododendron ‘P. J. M. Hybrids’. Scientia Horticulturae, 48(1-2): 159-170.
Premkumar, G., Sankaranarayanan, R., Jeeva, S., and Rajarathinam, K. (2011). Cytokinin induced shoot regeneration and flowering of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) – an ethnomedicinal herb. Asia Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicinem 1(3): 169-172.
Raghu, A. V., Geetha, S. P., Martin, G., Balachandran, I., and Ravindran, P. N. (2006). Direct organogenesis from leaf explants of Embelia ribes Burm. – a vulnerable medicinal plant. Journal of Forest Research, 11(1): 57-60.
Rajore, S. and Batra, A. (2005). Efficient plant regeneration via shoot tip explant in Jatropha curcas. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 14: 73-75.
Sardana, J., Batra, A., and Ali, D. J. (2000). An expeditious method for regeneration of somatic embryos in Jatropha curcas L. Phytomophology, 50: 239-242.
Sharma, V., Gupta, S. K., and Dhiman, M. (2012). Regeneration of plants from nodal and intermodal segment cultures of Ephedra gerardiana using Thidiazuron. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 22(2): 153-161.
Shetty, K. and Mark, W. (2004). A model for the role of the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway in phenolic phytochemical biosynthesis and mechanism of action for human health and environmental applications. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13: 1-24.
Singh, A., Reddy, M. P., Chikara, J., and Singh, S. (2010). A simple regeneration protocol from stem explants of Jatropha curcas. Industrial Crops and Products, 31: 209-213.
Smirnoff, N. and Cumbes, Q. J. (1989). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry, 28: 1057-1060.
Solomon, A., Beer, S., Waisel, Y., Jores, G. P., and Paleg, L. G. (1994) Effects of NaCl on the carboxylating activity of Rubiso from Tamarix jordanis in the presence and absence of proline- related compatible solutes. Physiologia Plantarum, 90: 198-204.
Subroto, A. P., Utomo, C., Darmawan, C., Hendroko, R., and Liwang, T. (2014). Tissue culture media optimization and genetic transformation of Jatropha curcas genotype Jatromas cotyledon explants. Energy Procedia, 47: 15-20.
Sujatha, M. and Dhingra, M. (1993). Rapid plant regeneration from various explants of Jatropha integerrima. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 35: 293-296.
Sujatha, M. and Mukta, N. (1996). Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from tissue cultures of Jatropha curcas. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (Historical Archive), 44: 135-141.
Sujatha, M., Makkar, H. P. S., and Becker, K. (2005). Shoot bud proliferation from axillary nodes and leaf sections of non-toxic J. curcas L. Plant Growth Regulation, 47: 83-90.
Sujatha, M. and Reddy, T. P. (1998). Differential cytokinin effects on the stimulation of in vitro shoot proliferation from meristematic explants of castor (Ricinus communis L.). Plant Cell Report, 17: 561-566.
Thepsamran, N., Thepsithar, C., and Thongpukdee, A. (2008). In vitro induction of shoots and roots from J. curcas L. explants. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83: 106-112.
Varshney, A. and Johnson, T. S. (2010). Efficient plant regeneration from immature embryo cultures of Jatropha curcas, a biodiesel plant. Plant Biotechnology Report, 4(2): 139-148.
Verma, S. K., Yücesan, B. B., Şahın, G., Gürel, S., and Gürel, E. (2011) Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Digitalis lamarckii, an endemic medicinal species. Turkish Journal of Botany, 35: 689-695.
Wei, Q., Lu, W.-D., Liao, Y., Pan, S. L., Xu, Y., Tang, L., and Chen, F. (2004). Plant regeneration from epicotyl explant of Jatropha curcas. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 30: 475-478.
Wirasutisna, K. R. and Artri, E. (2011). Reducing of phorbol ester content in callus cultures of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) using manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid. Pharmacognosy Journal, 3(20): 42-46. Doi: 10.5530/pj.2011.20.9
Winkler, E., Gübitz, G. M., Foidl, N., Staubmann, R., and Steiner, W. (1997). Use of enzymes for oil extraction from Jatropha curcas seeds. In Proceeding “Jatropha curcas” (Gübitz, G. M., Mittelbach, M., and Trabi, M. eds.) Managua, Nicaragua.
Yeoman, M. M. and Yeoman, C. L. (1996). Manipulating secondary metabolism in cultural plant cells. New Phytologist, 134: 553-569.
Zalewska, M., Lema-Rumińska, J., Miler, N., Gruszka, M., and Dąbal, W. (2011). Induction of adventitious shoot regeneration in chrysanthemum as affected by the season. In Vitro Cellular and Development Biology – Plant, 47: 375-378.
Ahmed, M. R. and Anis, M. (2012). Role of TDZ in the quick regeneration of multiple shoots from nodal explant of Vitex trifolia L.-an important medicinal plant. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 168(5): 957-966.
Bandurska, H. (1993). In vitro and in vivo effect of proline on nitrate reductase activity under osmotic stress in barley. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 15: 83-88.
Bhansali, R. (1990). Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of plantlets in pomegranate. Annual of Botany, 66: 249-254.
Biradar, S., Waghmare, V., and Pandhure, N. (2012). In vitro callus and shoot induction in Jatropha curcas (Linn.). Trends of Life Sciences, 1: 38-41.
Burikam, S. and Kawita, R. (2007). Tissue Culture of Jatropha (Jatropha curcus L.) in vitro. [Online URL: https://rdi.ku.ac.th/kufair50/plant/
20_plant/20_plant.html] accessed on June 21, 2014. (Thai version)
Cao, X., Liu, Q., Rowland, L. J., and Hammerschlag, F. A. (1998). GUS expression in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.): factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer efficiency. Plant Cell Reports, 18: 266-270.
da Camara Machado, A., Frick, N. S., Kremen, R., Katinger, H., and da Camara Machado, M. L. (1997). Biotechnological approaches to the improvement of Jatropha curcas. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Jatropha, pp. 15. Managua, Nicaragua.
Divakara, B. N., Upadhyaya, H. D., Wani, S. P., and Laxmipatha Gowda, C. L. (2009). Biology and genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L.: A review. Applied Energy. Doi: 10.1016/j.apenerge. 2009.07.013.
Gallo-Meagher, M., English, R. G., and Abouzid, A. (2000). Thidizuron stimulatings shoot regeneration of sugarcane embryogenic callus. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 36: 37-40.
George, E. F. (1993). Part 1: The technology. In Plant propagation by tissue culture, 2nd ed, pp. 285-291. London: Exegetics Ltd.
Guo, B. Abbasi, B. H., Zeb, A., Xu, L. L., and Wei, Y. H. (2011). Thidiazuron: a multi-dimensional plant growth regulator. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(45): 8984-9000.
Heller, J. (1996). Physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. In Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. No 1, pp 66. Rome: International Plant Genetics Resource Institute.
Huetteman, C. A. and Preece, J. E. (1993). TDZ: a potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 33: 105-119.
Hutchinson, M. J., Senaratna, T., Tsujita, J. M., and Saxena, P. K. (1997). Somatic embryogenesis in liquid cultures of a tetraploid Alstroemeria. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 47: 293-297.
James, D. J., Preece, J. E., and Malhotra, S. B. (1984). Organogenesis in callus derived from stem and leaf tissues of apple and cherry rootstocks. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 3: 333-341.
Jha, T. B., Mukherjee, P., and Datta, M. M. (2007). Somatic embryogenesis in Jatropha curcas Linn an important biofuel plant. Plant Biotechnology Report, 1: 135-140.
Jose, J., Nimisha, K., Anu, M. A., and Nambisan, P. (2012). Evaluation of somaclonal variation in callus cultures of Jatropha curcas maintained on different hormonal combination using RAPD makers. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(6): 616-623.
Kaewpoo, M. and Te-chato, S. (2009). Influence of explant types and plant growth regulators on multiple shoot formation from Jatropha curcas. Science Asia, 35: 353-357.
Kapil, S. S. and Sharma, V. (2014). In-vitro propagation of Bacopa monneri: an important medicinal plant. International Journal of Current Biotechnology, 2(1): 7-10.
Karataş, M., Aasim, M., Çinar, A., and Dogan, M. (2013). Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explant of dwarf hygro (Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderso). The Scienctific World Journal, 2013: 1-7.
Khaleda, L. and Al-Forkan, M. (2006). Stimulatory effects of casein hydrolysate and proline in in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration from five deep water rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biotechnology, 5(3): 379-384.
Khurana-Kaul, V., Kachhwaha, S., and Kothari, S. L. (2010). Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Jatropha curcas in response to thidiazuron and high copper contents in the medium. Biologia Plantarum, 54(2): 369-372.
Kumar, N. and Reddy, M. P. (2010). Plant regeneration through the direct induction of shoot buds from petiole explants of Jatropha curcas: a biofuel plant. Annals of Applied Biology, 156(3): 367-375.
Li, M., Li, H., Jiang, H., Pan, X., and Wu, G. (2007). Extablishment of an Agrobacterium-mediated cotyledon disc transformation method for Jatropha curcas. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 92: 173-181.
Lin, H. S., van der Toorn, C., Raemakers, K. J. J. M., Visser, R. G. F., De Jeu, M. J., and Jacobsen, E. (2000). Development of a plant regeneration system based on friable embryogenic callus in the ornamental Alstroemeria. Plant Cell Reports, 19: 529-534.
Lu, C. Y. (1993). The use of TDZ in tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 29P: 92-96.
Maharana, S. B., Mahato, V., Behera, M., Mishra, R. R., and Panigrahi, J. (2012). In vitro regeneration from node and leaf explants of Jatropha curcas L. and evaluation of genetic fidelity through RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 280-287.
Mazumdar, P., Basu, A., Paul, A., Mahanta, C., and Sahoo, L. (2010). Age and orientation of the cotyledonary leaf explants determine the efficiency of de novo plant regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciences-mediated transformation in Jatropha curcas L. South African Journal of Botany, 76: 337-344.
Mehra, A. and Mehra, P. N. (1974). Organogenesis and plantlet formation in vitro in almond. Botanical Gazette, 135 (1): 61-73.
Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco cultures. Plant Physiology, 15: 473-497.
Murthy, B. N. S., Murch, S. J., and Saxena, P. K. (1998). Review: Thidiazuron: a potential regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 34: 267- 275.
Nunes, C. F., dos Santos, D. N., Pasqual, M., Valente, T. T., de Oliveira, A. C. L., Alves, E., and Setotaw, T. A. (2013). Morphogenesis and regeneration of adventitious shoots in Jatropha curcas L. Australia Journal of Crop Science, 7(10): 1511-1519.
Palai, S. K., Rout, G. R., and Das, P. (1997). Micropropagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) – interaction of growth regulators and culture conditions. In Proceedings of the national semimar on biotechnology of species and aromatic plants, pp. 20-24. Calicut, India.
Pan, J., Fu, Q., and Zeng-Fu, X. U. (2010). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of biofuel plant J. curcas using kanamycin selection. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 6477-6481.
Pellegrineschi, A. (1997). In vitro plant regeneration via organogenesis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp.]. Plant Cell Reports, 17: 89-95.
Preece, J. E. and Imel, M. R. (1991). Plant regeneration from leaf explants of Rhododendron ‘P. J. M. Hybrids’. Scientia Horticulturae, 48(1-2): 159-170.
Premkumar, G., Sankaranarayanan, R., Jeeva, S., and Rajarathinam, K. (2011). Cytokinin induced shoot regeneration and flowering of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) – an ethnomedicinal herb. Asia Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicinem 1(3): 169-172.
Raghu, A. V., Geetha, S. P., Martin, G., Balachandran, I., and Ravindran, P. N. (2006). Direct organogenesis from leaf explants of Embelia ribes Burm. – a vulnerable medicinal plant. Journal of Forest Research, 11(1): 57-60.
Rajore, S. and Batra, A. (2005). Efficient plant regeneration via shoot tip explant in Jatropha curcas. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 14: 73-75.
Sardana, J., Batra, A., and Ali, D. J. (2000). An expeditious method for regeneration of somatic embryos in Jatropha curcas L. Phytomophology, 50: 239-242.
Sharma, V., Gupta, S. K., and Dhiman, M. (2012). Regeneration of plants from nodal and intermodal segment cultures of Ephedra gerardiana using Thidiazuron. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 22(2): 153-161.
Shetty, K. and Mark, W. (2004). A model for the role of the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway in phenolic phytochemical biosynthesis and mechanism of action for human health and environmental applications. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13: 1-24.
Singh, A., Reddy, M. P., Chikara, J., and Singh, S. (2010). A simple regeneration protocol from stem explants of Jatropha curcas. Industrial Crops and Products, 31: 209-213.
Smirnoff, N. and Cumbes, Q. J. (1989). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry, 28: 1057-1060.
Solomon, A., Beer, S., Waisel, Y., Jores, G. P., and Paleg, L. G. (1994) Effects of NaCl on the carboxylating activity of Rubiso from Tamarix jordanis in the presence and absence of proline- related compatible solutes. Physiologia Plantarum, 90: 198-204.
Subroto, A. P., Utomo, C., Darmawan, C., Hendroko, R., and Liwang, T. (2014). Tissue culture media optimization and genetic transformation of Jatropha curcas genotype Jatromas cotyledon explants. Energy Procedia, 47: 15-20.
Sujatha, M. and Dhingra, M. (1993). Rapid plant regeneration from various explants of Jatropha integerrima. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 35: 293-296.
Sujatha, M. and Mukta, N. (1996). Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from tissue cultures of Jatropha curcas. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (Historical Archive), 44: 135-141.
Sujatha, M., Makkar, H. P. S., and Becker, K. (2005). Shoot bud proliferation from axillary nodes and leaf sections of non-toxic J. curcas L. Plant Growth Regulation, 47: 83-90.
Sujatha, M. and Reddy, T. P. (1998). Differential cytokinin effects on the stimulation of in vitro shoot proliferation from meristematic explants of castor (Ricinus communis L.). Plant Cell Report, 17: 561-566.
Thepsamran, N., Thepsithar, C., and Thongpukdee, A. (2008). In vitro induction of shoots and roots from J. curcas L. explants. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83: 106-112.
Varshney, A. and Johnson, T. S. (2010). Efficient plant regeneration from immature embryo cultures of Jatropha curcas, a biodiesel plant. Plant Biotechnology Report, 4(2): 139-148.
Verma, S. K., Yücesan, B. B., Şahın, G., Gürel, S., and Gürel, E. (2011) Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Digitalis lamarckii, an endemic medicinal species. Turkish Journal of Botany, 35: 689-695.
Wei, Q., Lu, W.-D., Liao, Y., Pan, S. L., Xu, Y., Tang, L., and Chen, F. (2004). Plant regeneration from epicotyl explant of Jatropha curcas. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 30: 475-478.
Wirasutisna, K. R. and Artri, E. (2011). Reducing of phorbol ester content in callus cultures of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) using manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid. Pharmacognosy Journal, 3(20): 42-46. Doi: 10.5530/pj.2011.20.9
Winkler, E., Gübitz, G. M., Foidl, N., Staubmann, R., and Steiner, W. (1997). Use of enzymes for oil extraction from Jatropha curcas seeds. In Proceeding “Jatropha curcas” (Gübitz, G. M., Mittelbach, M., and Trabi, M. eds.) Managua, Nicaragua.
Yeoman, M. M. and Yeoman, C. L. (1996). Manipulating secondary metabolism in cultural plant cells. New Phytologist, 134: 553-569.
Zalewska, M., Lema-Rumińska, J., Miler, N., Gruszka, M., and Dąbal, W. (2011). Induction of adventitious shoot regeneration in chrysanthemum as affected by the season. In Vitro Cellular and Development Biology – Plant, 47: 375-378.