Diversity of Hyperthermophililic Bacteria Belonging to order Thermotogales Thriving in Three Hot Springs in Thailand: Resources of Genes Encoding Thermostable Enzymes
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Published:
Jun 30, 2013
Keywords:
hot spring hyperthermophile Thermotogales thermostable enzyme
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Abstract
Hyperthermophilic microorganisms belonging to order Thermotogales and thriving in high temperature habitats grow at temperatures above 70 to near 100 oC. In this study, 15 rod shaped bacteria with characteristic of terminal sac-like membrane were isolated from Pong Duet, Fang, and Jae Son hot springs. Differential biochemical properties of the isolates were characterized. Twelve isolates were detected utilizing carbohydrates in CT basal medium, but no growth was observed in the other three isolates. Keratin in native duck feather was degraded at 75-80 oC by 8 isolates. Based on morphology, physiology, and 16S rDNA sequences, 5 and 10 isolates belonging to morphological groups I and II were identified as Thermotoga species and Fervidobacterium species, respectively. The 16S rDNA type II PCR profile of the isolates FC2004, FC201, FC202, FA004 and JS602 distinguish themselves from previously reported known species belonging to Fervidobacterium. Results obtained from this study indicate that some Thailand’s isolates are distinct, and the geothermal spring ecosystems are rich in divergent hyperthermophiles which still remain to be explored. The hyperthermophilic isolates are crucial sources of numerous thermostable enzymes with potential to be applicable in the degradation of polymers in agricultural wastes such as starch, cellulose, and keratin.
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Kanoksilapatham, W., & Keawram, P. (2013). Diversity of Hyperthermophililic Bacteria Belonging to order Thermotogales Thriving in Three Hot Springs in Thailand: Resources of Genes Encoding Thermostable Enzymes. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 7(2), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.14456/sustj.2013.7
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Research Articles
References
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Patel, B. K. C., Morgan, H. W., and Daniel, R. M. (1985). Fervidobacterium nodosum gen. nov. and spec. nov., a new chemoorganotrophic, caldoactive, anaerobic bacterium. Archives of Microbiology, 141: 63-69.
Pasomsup, P., González, J. M., Portillo, M. C., Pongsapukdee, V., and Kanoksilapatham, W. (2011). Differentiation of a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain Pikanate 5017, by Arbitrarily Primed PCR. Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal, 5(1): 14-23.
Ravot, G., Magot, M., Fardeau, M. L., Patel, B. K., Prensier, G., Egan, A., Garcia, J. L., and Ollivier, B. (1995). Thermotoga elfii sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium from an African oil-producing well. International Journal of Systematic, Bacteriology, 45(2): 308-314.
Stetter, K. O. (1996). Hyperthermophilic prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 18: 149-158.
Takahata, Y., Nishijima, M., Hoaki, T., and Maruyama, T. (2001). Thermotoga petrophilasp. nov. and Thermotoga naphthophila sp. nov., two hyperthermophilic bacteria from the Kubiki oil reservoir in Niigata, Japan. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51(Pt 5): 1901-1909.
Welsh, J. and McClelland, M. (1991). Genomic fingerprints produced by PCR with consensus tRNA gene primers. Nucleic Acids Research, 19(4): 861-866.
Wery, N., Lesongeur, F., Pignet, P., Derennes, V., Cambon-Bonavita, M. A., Godfroy, A., and Barbier, G. (2001). Marinitoga camini gen. nov., sp. nov., a rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the order Thermotogales, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51: 495-504.
Woese, C. R., Kandler, O., and Wheelis, M. L. (1990). Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 87: 4576-4579.
Andrews, K. T. and Patel, B. K. C. (1996). Fervidobacterium gondwanense sp. nov., a new thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from nonvolcanically heated geothermal waters of the Great Artesian Basin of Australia. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 46(1): 265-269.
Baker, G. C. and Cowan, D. A. (2004). 16S rDNA primers and the unbiased assessment of thermophile diversity. Biochemical Society Transactions, 32(2): 218-221.
Balk, M., Weijma, J., and Stams, A. J. (2002). Thermotoga lettingae sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, methanol-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic anaerobic reactor. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52: 1361-1368.
Cai, J., Wang, Y., Liu, D., Zeng, Y., and Xue, Y. (2007). Fervidobacterium changbaicum sp. nov., a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a hot spring of the Changbai Mountains, China. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 57(Pt 10): 2333-2336.
Davey, M. E., Wood, W.A., Key, R., Nakamura, K. and Stahl, D. (1993). Isolation of three species of Geotoga and Petrotog: two new genera, representing a new lineage in the bacterial line of descent distantly related to the “Thermotogales”. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 16: 191-200.
Dipippo, J. L., Nesbo, C. L., Dahle, H., Doolittle, W. F., Birkland, N. K., and Noll, K. M. (2009). Kosmotoga olearia gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic heterotroph isolated from an oil production fluid. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 59: 2991-3000.
Feng, Y., Cheng, L., Zhang, X., Li, X., Deng, Y., and Zhang, H. (2010). Thermococcoides shengliensis gen. nov representing a novel genus of the order Thermotogales from oil-production fluid. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 60: 932-937.
Fiala, G. and Stetter, K. O. (1986). Pyrococcus furiosus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of marine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing optimally at 100°C. Archives of Microbiology, 145: 56-61.
Friedrich, A. B. and Antranikian, G. (1996). Keratin Degradation by Fervidobacterium pennavorans, a Novel Thermophilic Anaerobic Species of the Order Thermotogales. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62(8): 2875-2882.
Huber, R., Langworthy, T. A., Kölnig, H., Thomm, M., Woese, C. R., Sleytr, U. B., and Stetter, K. O. (1986). Thermotoga maritima sp. nov. represents a new genus of uniquely extremely thermophilic eubacteria growing up to 90°C. Archives of Microbiology, 144: 324-333.
Huber, R., Woese, C. R., Langworthy, T. A., Fricke, H., and Stetter, K. O. (1989). Thermosipho africanus gen. nov. represents a new genus of thermophilic eubacteria within the ‘‘Thermotogales’’. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 12: 32-37.
Huber, R., Woese, C. R., Langworthy, T. A., Kristjansson, J. K., and Stetter, K. O. (1990). Fervidobacterium islandicum sp. nov., a new extremely thermophilic eubacterium belonging to the “Thermotogales”. Archives of Microbiology, 154(2): 105-111.
Jayasinghearachchi, H. S. and Lal, B. (2011). Oceanotoga teriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from offshore oil-producing wells. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 61: 554-560.
Jeanthon, C., Reysenbach, A. L., L’Haridon, S., Gambacorta, A., Pace, N. R., Glénat, P., and Prieur, D. (1995). Thermotoga subterranea sp. nov., a new thermophilic bacterium isolated from a continental oil reservoir. Archives of Microbiology, 164(2): 91-97.
Kanoksilapatham, W., Pasomsup, P., Portillo, M. C. Keawram, P., and Gonzalez, J. M. (2012). Identification and Characterization of a Freshwater Pyrococcus sp. Strain PK 5017 and Identification of Pfu-Like IS Elements in Thermococcus sibiricus MM 739. International Journal of Biology, 4(4): 11-22.
L’Haridon, S., Miroshnichenko, M. L., Hippe, H., Fardeau, M. L., Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E. A., Stackebrandt, E. and Jeanthon, C. (2002). Petrotoga olearia sp. nov. and Petrotoga sibirica sp. nov., two thermophilic bacteria isolated from a continental petroleum reservoir in Western Siberia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52: 1715-1722.
Miranda-Tello, E., Fardeau, M. L., Thomas, P., Ramirez, F., Casalot, L., Cayol, J. L., Garcia, J. L., and Ollivier, B. (2004). Petrotoga mexicana sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, anaerobic and xylanolytic bacterium isolated from an oil-producing well in the Gulf of Mexico. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 54: 169-174.
Nam, G.-W., Lee, D.-W., Lee, H.-S., Lee, N.-J., Kim, B.-C., Choe, E.-A., Hwang, J.-K., Suhartono, M. T., and Pyun, Y.-R. (2002). Native-feather degradation by Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1, a newly isolated keratinase-producing thermophilic anaerobe. Archives of Microbiology, 178(6): 538-47.
Nesbo, C. L., Bradnan, D. M., Adebusuyi, A., Dlutek, M., Petrus, A. K., Foght, J., Doolittle, W. F., and Noll, K. M. (2012). Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov., the first described mesophilic species of the Thermotogales. Extremophiles, 16: 387-393. (Epub 2012 Mar 13)
Patel, B. K. C., Morgan, H. W., and Daniel, R. M. (1985). Fervidobacterium nodosum gen. nov. and spec. nov., a new chemoorganotrophic, caldoactive, anaerobic bacterium. Archives of Microbiology, 141: 63-69.
Pasomsup, P., González, J. M., Portillo, M. C., Pongsapukdee, V., and Kanoksilapatham, W. (2011). Differentiation of a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain Pikanate 5017, by Arbitrarily Primed PCR. Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal, 5(1): 14-23.
Ravot, G., Magot, M., Fardeau, M. L., Patel, B. K., Prensier, G., Egan, A., Garcia, J. L., and Ollivier, B. (1995). Thermotoga elfii sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium from an African oil-producing well. International Journal of Systematic, Bacteriology, 45(2): 308-314.
Stetter, K. O. (1996). Hyperthermophilic prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 18: 149-158.
Takahata, Y., Nishijima, M., Hoaki, T., and Maruyama, T. (2001). Thermotoga petrophilasp. nov. and Thermotoga naphthophila sp. nov., two hyperthermophilic bacteria from the Kubiki oil reservoir in Niigata, Japan. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51(Pt 5): 1901-1909.
Welsh, J. and McClelland, M. (1991). Genomic fingerprints produced by PCR with consensus tRNA gene primers. Nucleic Acids Research, 19(4): 861-866.
Wery, N., Lesongeur, F., Pignet, P., Derennes, V., Cambon-Bonavita, M. A., Godfroy, A., and Barbier, G. (2001). Marinitoga camini gen. nov., sp. nov., a rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the order Thermotogales, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51: 495-504.
Woese, C. R., Kandler, O., and Wheelis, M. L. (1990). Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 87: 4576-4579.