Evaluating Inter-row Light Intensity and Root Distribution of a Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth) Müll. Arg. Plantation in Chiang Rai Province for Selective Planting of Inter-row Trees
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the differences in light intensity between pararubber rows and the root distribution of pararubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth) Müll. Arg.) (RRIM600), in order to select suitable trees to plant between the rows of pararubber. The study was carried out in a monoculture pararubber plantation in Chiang Rai Province, with tree age ranging 1-10 years and a spacing of 3 m × 7 m Light intensity varying from 60 - 85%, was found in pararubber aged 1-3 years old, and continuously decreasing to 10 - 20% after the age of 6 years. Root distribution also varied with age and was affected by the direction from the stem and was the highest in East – West side of the tree at age 5 years old. Root dry biomass was the highest in the age of 5-6 years old. Root dry biomass showed a positive correlation with the canopy area (r = 0.70). There was no difference in root distribution along the 3 m distance away from the base indicating of uniformly distributed root over the distance. Selection of inter-row species should be based on the variation in light intensity and root distribution of pararubber. We suggest planting any species between rows when the pararubber trees are 1-3 years old because at this stage, pararubber roots are not fully developed and also with a high light intensity. Caution should be taken when pararubber trees are between 4-7 years old, due to the highest growth along with a more developed canopy area and root system of the pararubber. After age 7, shade tolerant species are recommended due to very low light intensity in the inter-rows and that the growth and root system of pararubber are fully developed.
Article Details
ข้าพเจ้าและผู้เขียนร่วม (ถ้ามี) ขอรับรองว่า ต้นฉบับที่เสนอมานี้ยังไม่เคยได้รับการตีพิมพ์และไม่ได้อยู่ในระหว่างกระบวนการพิจารณาตีพิมพ์ลงในวารสารหรือสิ่งตีพิมพ์อื่นใด ข้าพเจ้าและผู้เขียนร่วม (ถ้ามี) ยอมรับหลักเกณฑ์และเงื่อนไขการพิจารณาต้นฉบับ ทั้งยินยอมให้กองบรรณาธิการมีสิทธิ์พิจารณาและตรวจแก้ต้นฉบับได้ตามที่เห็นสมควร พร้อมนี้ขอมอบลิขสิทธิ์ผลงานที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ให้แก่วารสารวนศาสตร์ คณะวนศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ กรณีมีการฟ้องร้องเรื่องการละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์เกี่ยวกับภาพ กราฟ ข้อความส่วนใดส่วนหนึ่ง หรือ ข้อคิดเห็นที่ปรากฏในผลงาน ให้เป็นความรับผิดชอบของข้าพเจ้าและผู้เขียนร่วม (ถ้ามี) แต่เพียงฝ่ายเดียว และหากข้าพเจ้าและผู้เขียนร่วม (ถ้ามี) ประสงค์ถอนบทความในระหว่างกระบวนการพิจารณาของทางวารสาร ข้าพเจ้าและผู้เขียนร่วม (ถ้ามี) ยินดีรับผิดชอบค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งหมดที่เกิดขึ้นในกระบวนการพิจารณาบทความนั้น”
References
Chiraz, M.C. 2013.Growth of Young Olive Trees: Water Requirements in Relation to Canopy and Root Development. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 4: 1316-1344.
Chukomneon, S., S. Kongseepan, W. Buranatam, N. Chotmanee and S. Krawkub. 1998. Study on Growth and Yield of Rattan as Intercropping in Rubber Plantation. Full research of 1998 year. Rubber Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Dansakunpon, S. S. Sinturahus, P. Bunmorakod, S. Sonmung and C. Jongruk. 1998. The Impact of Acacia Mangium Planted between Rows of Rubber in Different Periods . Abstract Research and development Rubber years 1994-2003. Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. (Mimeographed). (in Thai)
Gotz, S., F. Guatavo, A.B. da, H. Celia A., G. Claude, V. Heraldo L. and I. Anne-Marie N. 2004. Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes. Island Press Washington Covelo, London.
Howard, A.S. and N.P.K. Ramachadran. 1987. Agroforestry a decade of development. International Council for Research in Agroforestry Nairobi.
Kangpissadan, N., S. Buakaw, K. Theerawatanasuk, A. Chanpratin, S. Limpichai, P. Sopchok and N. Ranong. 2004 . Pararubber Research Paper. Rubber Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Kasetkamtamachat. 2011. Intercropping rubber Risk Insurance Creates Sustainable Income Intercropping Pararubber. Kasetkamtamachat Journoal 14: 27-66. (in Thai)
Likhit, N. 2014. Geoinformation Technology for Natural Disaster Studies in Thailand. Burapha Science Journal 19 (2): 179-188.
Nilaweera, N.S. and P. Nutalaya. 1999. Role of Tree Roots in Slope Stabilization. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 57: 337-342. (in Thai)
Nuansee, L., Y. Limjitti, N. Kangpitsadan, J. Mahisarakul, W. Pinpitoon and R. Chaichaaum. 1992. The Study root Distribution of Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Using Nuclear Techniques. Pararubber Journal 12 (2): 102-111. (in Thai)
Nuberg, I., B. George and R. Reid. 2009. Agroforestry for natural resource management. Ligare in Australia, Australia
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2016. Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2015. Tree (Pararubber). Office of Agricultural Economics, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Parechana, P. and K. Sukkua. 1998A. Planting of Jackfruit between Rubber Rows in Ruso Soil Series by Using Difference Spaces . Full research of 1998 year. Rubber Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. (Mimeographed) (in Thai)
Parechana, P., S. Chukomneon, V. Bluranatam and S. Vorarukpukdee. 1998B. Interplanting Rubber with Salaca app an Addittional Source of Income. Abstract Research and development Rubber years 1994-2003. Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. (Mimeographed) (in Thai)
Payaksiri, P., L. Sawadimongkon and P. Jirawanvasana. 2014. Application of Crops with Engineered to Prevent and Resolve Erosion and the Movement of Soil in a Shallow Slope Road. Department of highways, Bangkok. (Mimeographed) (in Thai)
Petmak, S., S. Thawornpuk and N. Jitmat. 2014. Effect of Monocropping on Soil Productivity Change in Sloping Area on Experimental Plot Using Modified Productivity Index (MPI). King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal. 32: 18-26. (in Thai)
Rubber Research Institute. 2010. Technical Pararubber. Sutible area for Pararubber Grow Rubber. Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Rubber Research Institute. 2012 Academic Information Management of Pararubber Plantation Rubber Research Institute . Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Rubber Thai. 2007. Pararubber Information News. Available source: http://www.rubberthai.com/news/newsinfo/2550, July 19, 2016 (in Thai)
Sadudee, S. and N. Jiso. 2008. Assessment of the Root Growth of Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) Using Minirhizotron Techinque. King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal 26 (1): 50-60. (in Thai)
Santi, T. and S. Suttisak. 2012. Rain-Infiltration Model for Landslide Hazard Assessment. In 17th National Conference on Civil Engineering. 9-11 May 2012, Convention Center Hotel, Udon Thani Province. (in Thai)
Schmidt, K.M., J.J. Roering, J.D. Stock, W.E. Dietrich, D.R. Montgomery and T. Schaub. 2001. The Variability of Root Cohesion as an Influence on Shallow Landslide Susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 995-1024.
Sohan, K.G., D. Higaki and T. Prasad. 2013. Estimation of Soil Erosion Rates and Eroded Sediment in a Degraded Catchment of the Siwalik Hills, Nepal. Land Journal. 2: 370-391.
Subhrendu, P. and M.D. Evan. 1996. Valuing Soil Conservation Benefits of Agroforestry Practices Southeastern Center for Forest Economics Research, Research Triangle Park, NC. FPEI Working Paper No. 59. (Mimeographed).
Tagliavini, M., L.J. Veto and N.E. Looney. 1993. Measuring root surface area and mean root diameter of Peach seedlings by digital image analysis. Hort Science. 28 (11): 1129-1130. Cited E.D. Smika and A. Klute. 1982. Surface area measurement of corn root system. Agron. Jounal . 74: 1091-1093.
Theerawatanasuk, K. and N. Lekawiwat. 2011. The morphology of Research Institute 408 Pararubber. Journal Electronic 6 July - September Rubber. Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (in Thai)
Trat Agroforestry Research. 1998. Important Plant in Agroforestry Systems. Trat Agroforestry Research and Training Research Station, Trat. (in Thai)
West, W.P. 2009. Tree and Forest Measurement. acid-free paper School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Australia.
Wilson, J.R. and M.M. Ludlow. 1990. The Environment and potential growth of herbage under plantations, pp. 10-24. In Proceedings of a Workshop of ACIAR . 27-29 June 1990. Bali, Indonesia.