Life Cycle Greenhouse Gases Emissions of Processed Frozen Chicken
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions in the life cycle of frozen processed chicken meat in order to identify the important activities (hotspots) which contribute to the greenhouse gases emissions. The scope of the study is based on the cradle-to-gate approach, which included (1) feed production, (2) pullet farm, (3) hatchery farm, (4) broiler chicken farm, (5) slaughterhouse, and (6) frozen processing factory. The functional unit is 1 kg of frozen processing chicken meat. The research methodology is based on ISO 14040 and the guideline of Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO). Greenhouse gas emissions are calculated in the unit of kgCO2-eq. The result of the greenhouse gas emissions of 1 kg of frozen processing chicken meat is 2.51 kg CO2-eq. The results indicated that feed production and acquisition (in particular, the acquisition of soybean meal and maize), broiler chicken farm, and frozen processing factory mainly contributed to the emissions by about 50, 26, and 21 %, respectively. Various potential options for greenhouse gas mitigation are available, for instance, the substitution of raw materials in feed production, changes in the composition of feeds, use of biodiesel in land preparation, effective use of fertilizer, chicken manure management, and increasing yield of feed raw materials.
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