Anti-HIV 1 Activity of Medicinal and Endemic Plant Aqueous Extracts in U Thong District, Suphan Buri Province
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a causative agent of AIDS disease. The World Health Organization has reported that there are 37.9 million people living with HIV worldwide, of which approximately 1.7 million are newly infected patients each year. The treatments for infected individuals have currently used multiple antiretroviral drugs to control disease progression by reducing viral load in the body. However, adverse effects from medication are observed in some patients, as well as an even more challenging problem from the emergence of drug-resistant virus. Therefore, research for a novel antiretroviral drug is needed. Several studies have shown that naturally derived medicinal plants exhibit antiviral activities, including anti-HIV-1, giving rise to the potential use of the medicinal plants as alternative antiviral drugs. In this study, aqueous extracts of medicinal and endemic plants from U Thong district, Suphan Buri province were determined for inhibitory activities against HIV-1 by syncytium reduction assay. The result demonstrated that there were 16 out of 20 aqueous extracts of these plants possessed anti-HIV-1 activity by having EC50 ranged from 7.62 to 163.79 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity of these extracts was also tested and shown to have IC50 ranged from 31.77 to >250 µg/mL. In summary, these extracts represented selectivity index (SI) ranged from 1.46 to 12.79, by which Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. exhibited the highest SI value. Further study on these extracts would lead to finding active compounds that can potentially be developed as an antiviral drug against HIV-1 infection in the future.
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References
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