ผลของความเป็นประโยชน์ของฟอสฟอรัสในดินต่อประสิทธิภาพของราอาร์บัสคูลาร์ไมคอร์ไรซา Glomus intraradices
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Study on the effect of available phosphorus (P) in soil on efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus intraradices consisted of 2 experiments. The experiment 1 was to study effect of available P level in soil on efficiency of AM fungi. It was conducted in 3 x 2 factorial in CRD with 5 replications. Factor 1 was different levels of available P in soil (low, medium and high). Factor 2 was AM fungi (with or without). Corn was grown with chemical fertilization at the recommendation rate without applying P fertilizer. The results showed that efficiency of AM fungi on growth, yield and P uptake of corn and AM colonization were highest in soil with low level of available P. However, efficiency of AM fungi on growth, yield and P uptake of corn and AM colonization were lowest in soil with high level of available P. The experiment 2 was to study effect of the P fertilizer rate on efficiency of AM fungi. It was conducted in 3 x 2 factorial in CRD with 5 replications. Factor 1 was P fertilization; nil P, half rate of P fertilizer and recommendation rate of P fertilizer. Factor 2 was AM fungi (with or without). The results showed that efficiency of AM fungi on growth, yield and P uptake of corn and AM colonization were highest when no P fertilizer and P fertilizer applying at half rate, but the efficiency and AM colonization were lowest when P fertilizer applying at the recommendation rate. Therefore, these results indicated that available P in soil affected the efficiency of AM fungi. The highest of efficiency of AM fungi was shown in low available P in soil and no P fertilizer applying or at half rate of P fertilizer. In contrast, the lowest efficiency of AM fungi was shown in high available P in soil or P fertilizer applying at the recommendation rate.
Article Details
References
[2] Marschner, H., 1995, Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, 889 p.
[3] Schachtman, D.P., Reid, R.J. and Ayling, S.M., 1998, Phosphorus uptake by plants: From soil to cell, Plant Physiol. 116: 447-453.
[4] Li, H.Y., Smith, S.E., Ophel-Keller, K., Holloway, R.E. and Smith, F.A., 2008, Naturally occurring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can replace direct P uptake by wheat when roots cannot access added P fertilizer, Funct. Plant Biol. 35: 125-134.
[5] Smith, F.A., Grace, E.J. and Smith, S.E., 2009, More than a carbon economy: nutrient trade and ecological sustainability in facultative arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, New Phytol. 182: 347-358.
[6] Jakobsen, I., 1999, Transport of Phosphorus and Carbon in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas, pp. 309-332, In Varma, A. and Hock, B. (Eds.), Mycorrhiza: Structure, Function, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 2nd Ed., Springer, Berlin.
[7] Smith, F.A., Jakobsen, I. and Smith, S.E., 2000, Spatial differences in acquisition of soil phosphate between two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in symbiosis with Medicago trunculata. New Phytol. 114: 1-38.
[8] Smith, S.E., Jakobsen, I., Grønlund, M. and Smith, F.A., 2011, Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: Interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition, Plant Physiol. 156: 1050-1057.
[9] Schnepf, A., Roose, T. and Schweiger, P., 2008, Impact of growth and uptake patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant phosphorus uptake: A modeling study, Plant Soil 312: 85-99.
[10] Smith, S.E., Smith, F.A. and Jakobsen, I., 2004, Functional diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses: The contribution of the mycorrhizal P uptake pathway is not correlated with mycorrhizal responses in growth or total P uptake, New Phytol. 162: 511-524.
[11] Daniels, B.A. and Skipper, H.D., 1982., Methods for the Recovery and Quantitative Estimation of Propagules from Soil, pp. 29-36. In Schenck, N.C. (Ed.), Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research, APS., Minnesota.
[12] Piper, C.S., 2010, Soil and Plant Analysis, Shree Publishers, New Delhi, 368 p.
[13] Plenchette, C., Fortin, J.A. and Furlan, B., 1983, Growth responses of several plant species to mycorrhizae in a soil of moderate P-fertility: Part I. Mycorrhizal dependency under field conditions, Plant Soil 70: 199-209.
[14] Phillips, J.M. and Hayman, D.S., 1970, Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55: 158-161.
[15] McGonigle, T.P., Miller, M.H., Evans, D.G., Fairchild, G.L. and Swan, J.A., 1990, A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, New Phytol. 115: 495-501.
[16] Bethlenfalvay, G.J. and Barea, J.M., 1994, Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture: I. Effects on seed yield and soil aggregation, Am. J. Altern. Agric. 9: 157-161.
[17] Hetrick, B.A.D., Wilson, G.W.T. and Todd, T.C., 1996, Mycorrhizal response in wheat cultivars, relationship to phosphorus, Can. J. Bot. 74: 19-25.
[18] Thingstrup, I., Rubaek, G., Sibbesen, E. and Jakobsen, I., 1998, Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) depends on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for growth and P uptake at intermediate but not high soil P levels in the field, Plant Soil 203: 37-46.
[19] Sorensen, N., Larsen, J. and Jakobsen, I., 2005, Mycorrhiza formation and nutrient concentration in leeks (Allium porrum) in relation to previous crop and cover crop management on high P soils, Plant Soil 273: 101-114.
[20] Smith, S.E. and Smith, F.A., 1990, Structure and function of the interfaces in biotrophic symbioses as they relate to nutrient transport, New Phytol. 114: 1-38.
[21] Tinker, P.B. and Nye, P.H., 2000, Solute Movement in the Rhizosphere, Oxford University Press, New York. 464 p.
[22] Graham, J.H., 2000, Assessing cost of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in agroecosystems, pp. 127-140, In Podila, G.K. and Douds, Jr., D.D. (Eds.), Current Advances in Mycorrhizal Research, APS Press, Minnesota.
[23] Ryan, M.H., Norton, R.M., Kirkegaard, J.A., McCormick, K.M., Knights, S.E. and Angus, J.F., 2002, Increasing mycorrhizal colonization does not improve growth and nutrition of wheat on Vertosols in south-eastern Australia, Aust. J. of Agric. Res. 53: 1173-1181.
[24] Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J., 2008, Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 3rd Ed., Academic Press, London, 800 p.
[25] Bruce, A., Smith, S.E. and Tester, M., 1994,
The development of mycorrhizal infection in cucumber: Effects of P supply on root growth, formation of entry points and growth of infection unit, New Phytol. 127: 507-514.
[26] Balzergue, C., Puech-Pagès, V., Bècard, G. and Rochange, S.F., 2001, The regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by phosphate in pea involves early and systemic signaling events, J. Exp. Bot. 62: 1049-1060.