พ่อเลี้ยงเดี่ยวในสัตว์ไม่มีกระดูกสันหลัง : เมื่อตัวผู้เท่านั้นที่มีพฤติกรรมในการดูแลลูก
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Published:
Jan 5, 2020
Keywords:
harvestman sea spider exclusive paternal care
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Abstract
In biology, exclusive paternal care (EPC) means any behavior that only a father or a male animal has after post-fertilization, also called spawning, to help and increase the offspring’s survival rate. In the case of single father family, the mother or female will not show maternal care but leave after egg laying. Based on the review of the literature in invertebrate animals, this behavior is considered to be a very uncommon form of post-fertilization parental investment. However, EPC in invertebrates is found in some species for instances of the following 3 phylums: (1) Annelida; such as Neanthes (Nareis) acuminate (2) Arthropoda; such as harvestman: Zygopachylus and Lepchana, Millipede: Brachycybe nodulosa, Yamasinaium noduligerum, Sea spider: Achelia simplissima, Giant water bug: Kirkaldyia deyrolli and Abedus herberti; Assassin bug: Rhynocoris tristis and Zelus sp., Leaf-footed bugs: Scolopocerus sp. and Plunentis sp., Thrips: Holothrips karnyi, and (3) Mollusca; such as the gastropod sea snail Solenosteira macrospira and others. Details of EPC behavior in each animal taxa, including the common behavior of the single father among invertebrates, are presented in this article.
Article Details
Section
Biological Sciences
References
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[27] Manzanilla, V.O. and Machado, G., 2011, First record of paternal care in the family Stygnidae (Opiliones: Laniatores), J. Arachnol. 39: 500-502.
[28] Bain, B.A. and Govedich, F.R., 2004,
Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogo nida): A summary, Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 46: 63-79.
[29] Burris, P.Z., 2011, Costs of exclusive male parental care in the sea spider Achelia simplissima (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida), Mar. Biol. 158: 381-390.
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[31] Kudo, S.I., Koshio, C. and Tanabe, T., 2009, Male egg-brooding in the millipede Yamasinaium noduligerum (Diplopoda: Andrognathidae), Entomol. Sci. 12: 346-347.
[32] Smith, R.L. and Larsen, E., 1993, Egg attendance and brooding by males of the giant water bug Lethocerus medius (Guerin) in the field (Heteroptera: Belosto matidae), Insect. Behav. 6:93-106.
[33] Ichikawa, N., 1988, Male brooding behavior of the giant water bug Lethocerus deyrollei Vuillefroy. (Hemiptera: Belosto matidae), J. Ethol. 6: 121-128.
[34] Inada, K., Kitade, O. and Morino, H., 2011, Paternity analysis in an egg-arrying aquatic insect Appasus major (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) using microsatellite DNA markers, Entomol. Sci. 14: 43-48.
[35] Smith, R.L., 1979, Paternity assurance and altered roles in the mating-behavior of a giant water bug, Abedus herberti (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), Anim. Behav. 27: 716-725.
[36] Requena, G.S., Nazareth, T.M., Schwertner, C.F. and Machado, G., 2010, First cases of exclusive paternal care in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Zoologia. 27: 1018-1021.
[37] Ralston, J.S., 1977, Egg guarding by male assassin bugs of the genus Zelus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Psyche 84: 103-107.
[38] Beal, C.A. and Tallamy, D.W., 2006, A new record of amphisexual care in an insect with exclusive paternal care: Rhynocoris tristis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), J. Ethol. 24: 305-307.
[39] Hadley, D., 2018, Leaf-Footed Bugs, Family Coreidae Habits and Traits of Leaf-Footed Bugs, Available Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/leaf-footed-bugs-family-coreidae-1968621, July 21, 2018.
[40] Tallamy, D.W., 2000, Sexual selection and evolution of exclusive paternal care in arthropods, Anima. Behav. 60: 559-567.
[41] Crespi, B.J., 1988, Risks and benefits of lethal male fighting in the colonial, polygynous thrips Hoplothrips karnyi (Insecta: Thysanoptera), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 293-301.
[42] Houston, R.S., 1978, Notes on the spawning and egg capsules of two prosobranch gastropods: Nassarius tiarula (Kiener, 1841) and Solenosteira macrospira (Berry, 1957), Veliger 20: 367-368.
[43] Kamel, S.J. and Grosberg, R.K., 2012, Exclusive male care despite extreme female promiscuity and low paternity in a marine snail, Ecol. Lett. 15: 1167-1173.
[44] Requena, G.S. and Machado, G., 2014, Lack of costs associated with nest related behaviors in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care, Oikos 124: 372-380.
[2] Ridley, M., 1978, Paternal care, Anima. Behav. 26: 904-932.
[3] Clutton-Brock, T.H., 1991, The Evolution of Parental Care, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 352 p.
[4] Tallamy, D.W., 2001, Evolution of exclusive paternal care in arthropods, Ann. Rev. Entomol. 46: 139-165.
[5] Alcock, J., 2009, Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach, 9th Ed., Sinauer Associates Inc., Massachusetts, 606 p.
[6] Nordell, S. and Valone, T., 2015, Animal Behavior: Concepts, Methods, and Applications, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 368 p.
[7] Reynolds, J.D., Goodwin, N.B. and Freckleton, R.P., 2002, Evolutionary transitions in parental care and live bearing in vertebrates, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 357: 269-281.
[8] Wesolowski, T., 2004, The origin of parental care in birds: A reassessment, Behav. Ecol. 15: 520-523.
[9] Gross, M.R. and Sargent, R.C., 1985, The evolution of male and female parental care in fishes, Am. Zool. 25: 807-822.
[10] Zeh, D.W. and Smith, R.L., 1985. Paternal investment by terrestrial arthropods, Am. Zool. 25: 785-805.
[11] Kudo, S.I., Akagi, Y., Hiraoka, S., Tanabe, T. and Morimoto, G., 2011, Exclusive male egg care and determinants of brooding success in a millipede, Ethology 117: 19-21.
[12] Requena, G.S., Munguía-Steyer, R. and Machado, G., 2014, Paternal Care and Sexual Selection in Arthropods, pp. 201-233, In Macedo, R.H and Machado, M.G. (Eds.), Sexual Selection: Perspectives and Models from the Neotropics, Academic Press, Amsterdam.
[13] Barreto, F.S. and Avise, J.C., 2008, Poly gynandry and sexual size dimorphism in the sea spider Ammothea hilgendorfi (Pycnogonida: Ammotheidae), a marine arthropod with brood-carrying males, Mol. Ecol. 17: 4164-4175.
[14] Storey, E.J., Reish, D.J and Hardege, J.D., 2013, Conditioned water affects pair formation behaviour in the marine polychaete Neanthes (Nereis) acuminate, Anim. Cogn. 16: 85-89.
[15] Uratanamanee, S., Wacharasin, C. and Karuhadej, P., 2016, The adaptation of single father families: The life experience of single fathers, J. Royal Thai Army Nurs. 17(3): 217-225. (in Thai)
[16] Trumbo, T.S., 2012, Patterns of Parental Care in Invertebrates, pp. 81-100, In Royle, N.J., Smiseth, P.T. and Kolliker, M. (Eds.), The Evolution of Parental Care, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[17] Reish, D.J., 1957, The life history of the polychaetous annelid Neanthes caudate (delle Chiaje), including a summary of development in the family Nereidae, Pac. Sci. 11: 216-227.
[18] Bridges, T.S., Farrar, J.D., Gamble, E.V. and Dillon, T.M., 1996. Intraspecific density effects in Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceoden tata Moore (Polychaeta: Nereidae), J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 195: 221-235.
[19] Sutton, R., Bolton, E., Bartels-Hardege, H.D., Eswards, M., Reish, D.J. and Hardege, J.D., 2005, Chemical signal mediated premating reproductive isolation in a marine polychaete, Neanthes acuminata (arenaceodentata), J. Chem. Ecol. 31: 1865-1876.
[20] Fletcher, N., Storey, E.J., Johnson, M, Reish, D.J. and Hardege, J.D., 2009, Experience matters: Females use smell to select experienced males for paternal care, PLoS ONE 4(11): e7672.
[21] Proud, D.N., Víquez, C. and Townsend, Jr.V.R., 2011, Paternal care in a Neotropical harvestman (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) from Costa Rica, J. Arachnol. 39: 497-499.
[22] Mora, G., 1990, Paternal care in a Neotropi cal harvestman, Zygopachylus albomargi nis (Arachnida, Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), Anima. Behav. 39: 582-593.
[23] Machado, G., Requena, G.S., Buzatto, B.A., Osses, F. and Rossetto, L.M., 2004, Five new cases of paternal care in harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones): Implications for the evolution of male guarding in the Neotropical family Gonyleptidae, Sociobiology 44: 577-598.
[24] Nazareth, T.M. and Machado, G. 2010, Mating system and exclusive postzygotic paternal care in a Neotropical harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones), Animal. Behav. 79: 547-554.
[25] Requena, G.S., Buzatto, B.A., Martins, E.G. and Machado, G., 2012, Paternal care decreases foraging activity and body condition, but does not impose survival costs to caring males in a Neotropical arachnid, PLoS ONE 7(10): e46701.
[26] Marten, J., 1993, Further cases of paternal care in Opiliones (Arachnida), Trop. Zool. 6: 97-107.
[27] Manzanilla, V.O. and Machado, G., 2011, First record of paternal care in the family Stygnidae (Opiliones: Laniatores), J. Arachnol. 39: 500-502.
[28] Bain, B.A. and Govedich, F.R., 2004,
Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogo nida): A summary, Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 46: 63-79.
[29] Burris, P.Z., 2011, Costs of exclusive male parental care in the sea spider Achelia simplissima (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida), Mar. Biol. 158: 381-390.
[30] Burris, P.Z., 2011, The polygamous mating system of the sea spider Achelia simplissima, Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 55: 162-167.
[31] Kudo, S.I., Koshio, C. and Tanabe, T., 2009, Male egg-brooding in the millipede Yamasinaium noduligerum (Diplopoda: Andrognathidae), Entomol. Sci. 12: 346-347.
[32] Smith, R.L. and Larsen, E., 1993, Egg attendance and brooding by males of the giant water bug Lethocerus medius (Guerin) in the field (Heteroptera: Belosto matidae), Insect. Behav. 6:93-106.
[33] Ichikawa, N., 1988, Male brooding behavior of the giant water bug Lethocerus deyrollei Vuillefroy. (Hemiptera: Belosto matidae), J. Ethol. 6: 121-128.
[34] Inada, K., Kitade, O. and Morino, H., 2011, Paternity analysis in an egg-arrying aquatic insect Appasus major (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) using microsatellite DNA markers, Entomol. Sci. 14: 43-48.
[35] Smith, R.L., 1979, Paternity assurance and altered roles in the mating-behavior of a giant water bug, Abedus herberti (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), Anim. Behav. 27: 716-725.
[36] Requena, G.S., Nazareth, T.M., Schwertner, C.F. and Machado, G., 2010, First cases of exclusive paternal care in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Zoologia. 27: 1018-1021.
[37] Ralston, J.S., 1977, Egg guarding by male assassin bugs of the genus Zelus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Psyche 84: 103-107.
[38] Beal, C.A. and Tallamy, D.W., 2006, A new record of amphisexual care in an insect with exclusive paternal care: Rhynocoris tristis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), J. Ethol. 24: 305-307.
[39] Hadley, D., 2018, Leaf-Footed Bugs, Family Coreidae Habits and Traits of Leaf-Footed Bugs, Available Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/leaf-footed-bugs-family-coreidae-1968621, July 21, 2018.
[40] Tallamy, D.W., 2000, Sexual selection and evolution of exclusive paternal care in arthropods, Anima. Behav. 60: 559-567.
[41] Crespi, B.J., 1988, Risks and benefits of lethal male fighting in the colonial, polygynous thrips Hoplothrips karnyi (Insecta: Thysanoptera), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 293-301.
[42] Houston, R.S., 1978, Notes on the spawning and egg capsules of two prosobranch gastropods: Nassarius tiarula (Kiener, 1841) and Solenosteira macrospira (Berry, 1957), Veliger 20: 367-368.
[43] Kamel, S.J. and Grosberg, R.K., 2012, Exclusive male care despite extreme female promiscuity and low paternity in a marine snail, Ecol. Lett. 15: 1167-1173.
[44] Requena, G.S. and Machado, G., 2014, Lack of costs associated with nest related behaviors in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care, Oikos 124: 372-380.