Optimization using Central Composite Design (CCD) for Fuel Briquette Production from Water Hyacinth

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Published: Dec 25, 2024
Keywords:
Water hyacinth; briquette charcoal; Central composite design; optimization

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Penkhae Rungrueng
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10600
Soontreeya Kalawong
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10600
Umaporn Umaporn
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10600
Prapamat Phooncharoen
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10600
Katsirin Sangmanee
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University,Bangkok 10220
Puchong Chanjira
Department of Industrial Education, Faculty of Education, Srinakharinwirot University,Bangkok 10110
Pornchai Pornharuthai
Engineering Program in Electrical Engineering and Automation Control Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University,Bangkok 10600
Apiradee Siangsuepchart5
Department of Biotechnology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Chiang Mai 50290
Nawaporn Hongpan
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University,Bangkok 10600

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a serious aquatic weed that is abundant and difficult to control. However, several useful applications for the plant have been found, including the production of paper, boards, animal feed, biogas, compost, and fuel briquettes. Production fuel briquettes from agricultural waste can enhance the value of agricultural goods and materials. The central composite design (CCD) in a Design-Expert software can help generate predicted model, optimize processes, and plot the three-dimensional response surface methodology (RSM) graphs, providing a clear visualization of the relationship between variables. The objective of this research was to optimize the use of CCD for producing fuel briquettes water hyacinth fiber. The two independent variables considered were the bonding materials: cassava flour (A) and wood charcoal powder (B). The CCD approach, processed using Design-Expert version 7.0.0, suggested that 12 experiments were appropriate for studying the optimum conditions for the fuel briquettes. The calorific value was used construct a second-order regression equation, as follows: Y = 19,412.00+690.25A+218.46B-1,546.00AB-5,269.88A2-1,828.37B2  with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9870. The optimal conditions derived from the equation were 30% cassava flour and 90% wood charcoal powder, resulting in a calorific value of 19,632.00 cal/g. The advantages of these briquettes include their potential feasibility as substitutes for firewood and charcoal from natural forests for heating buildings.

Article Details

Issue
Vol.32 No.6 (November-December 2024)
Section
Biological Sciences

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