Diversity of Leaf Litter Fungi and Antagonistic Effect to Inhibit Mycelial Growth of Plant Pathogenic Fungi
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Abstract
Fungal organisms are important players in the ecosystem. Fungal decomposers isolated from leaf litters may exhibit antagonistic interactions which can influence the growth of other microorganisms. Thus, the present study was aimed to obtaining information on the diversity of microfungi associated with leaf litter and to test the antagonistic activity against some plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. Sixteen samples of leaf litter were collected from eight provinces from August 2018 to June 2019. Moist chamber method was used for fungal isolation. Identification of the fungal isolates was based on morphological characteristics. Seventy-six isolates comprising 20 genera and 27 species of microfungi were found. Aspergillus spp. was the most common species, followed by Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp. Six species of leaf litter fungi including Beltrania rhombica, Chaetomium crispatum, Ellisiopsis gallesiae, Emericella variecolor, Robillarda roystoneae and Spegazzinia tessarthra were selected for antagonistic activity tests as dual culture with 8 plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporiosdes, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora nicotianae, P. palmivora, P. parasitica, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. The results revealed that B. rhombica isolated from rose apple leaf litter inhibited 74.37% on the mycelial growth of P. parasitica and also inhibited P. palmivora and P. nicotianae at 71.78% and 71.60%, respectively. Meanwhile, C. crispatum from mango leaf litter, E. variecolor from rose apple leaf litter and R. roystoneae from jack fruit leaf litter inhibited mycelial growth of P. palmivora at 71.41%, 71.78% and 72.11%, respectively.
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