Stomatal and Photosynthetic Response to Polyethylene Glycol Induced Drought Stress of Thai Jasmine Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. KDML105) during Vegetative Stage
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Abstract
We examined the stomatal response and photosynthetic potential of Thai jasmine rice (KDML105) to induced increasing drought stress. Rice plants were grown in Yoshida’s nutrient solution for 50 days before subjected to 3 stepwise drought stress levels, each lasted for 7 days, by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) at 12.5, 22.5 and 35% (w/v), which lowered the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution to -300 (mild stress), -1,000 (moderate stress), and -2,800 (severe stress) kPa. At the end of each stress period, light response curve, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic pigments content were measured on leaves of non-stressed and stressed plants. The increasing drought stress levels had definite effect in reducing stomatal conductance (gs), which then reduced the net (Pn) and the maximal gross photosynthetic rates (Pmax). Under mild and moderate drought stress, stomatal opening showed response in the limited range of light intensity (PPF) of 0-600 µmolPPF m-2s-1, beyond which stomatal conductance remained stable. When drought stress became severe, stomata closed and showed no response to the increasing PPF. The data on photosynthetic rate showed that the reduction under mild stress was mainly the result of reduced gs. Under moderate and severe drought stress, the reduction in photosynthesis was because of both stomatal and non-stomatal limitation, which included the reduction in gs, carboxylation efficiency (Pn/Ci), and quantum efficiency of PSII. In addition, severe drought stress caused damage to PSII and decrease in leaf chlorophyll content. The stepwise protocol in imposing drought stress can be used to induce the photosynthetic response mechanisms in KDML105 rice.
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