Residual Effects of Na-Bentonite on Changes in Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Khao Dawk Mali 105 Aromatic Rice Grown in an Acid Sulfate Soil
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Abstract
Sodium bentonite mud leftover from the natural gas pipeline construction process has high alkaline properties and can be used to improve acid sulfate soils. It has a high sodium content which may increase the aroma of rice. This study investigated the residual effect of Na-bentonite utilization on changes in soil properties, growth, and yield of Khao Dawk Mali 105 aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML 105) grown in acid sulfate soil. The KDML 105 rice was planted after harvesting RD43 rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. RD43) in the same experimental plots under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates and four treatments, namely, no soil conditioner application (Control), Na-bentonite application at the rate of 93.6 t rai-1 (NaB), a combination of Na-bentonite (46.8 t rai-1) and dolomite (1 t rai-1) application (NaB+DL), and dolomite application at the rate of 2 t rai-1 (DL), but no soil conditioners were applied in this growing season. The results showed that applying Na-bentonite (NaB and NaB+DL) increased soil pH after the rice harvest which was significantly higher than control and DL (P < 0.05). It also significantly decreased lime requirement compared to control and DL (P < 0.05). The highest cation exchange capacity, available phosphorus, and available potassium were observed in NaB followed by NaB+DL, DL and control, respectively. The lowest extractable aluminum and sulfate were observed in NaB. In NaB and NaB+DL, soil electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio tended to decrease after the rice harvest. The growth, grain weight, tillering, panicle number, filled grain, straw dry weight, aboveground biomass, and 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline concentration of rice in NaB, NaB+DL, and DL were not statistically different (The rice plants in control died within 2 weeks after transplanting). This study reveals that the utilization of Na-bentonite as a soil conditioner for acid sulfate soil provides the residual effects on plant nutrients and soil pH stabilization, favoring the rice cultivated in the subsequent season.
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References
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