Effect of Sodium Bentonite on Growth, Flower Quality and Photosynthetic Parameters of Dendrobium Sonia 'Earsakul'
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Abstract
Drilling of natural gas pipelines requires sodium bentonite as a coating to prevent erosion and help lubricate the soil cavities during the pipe pulling process. During drilling, sodium bentonite may leak into soil surfaces, water sources and crop fields. Thus, the purpose of this research was to study the effects of sodium bentonite on growth, flower quality, and photosynthetic parameters of Dendrobium Sonia ‘Earsakul’ in the three plant development stages, including juvenile, mature, and flowering stages. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 5 treatments. All three plant stages were watered with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g L-1 of sodium bentonite daily for 2 months. These results demonstrated that all concentrations of sodium bentonite did not affect plant height, plant diameter, leaf size, leaf thickness, leaf greenness, and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII of orchid at all stages of development. However, CO2 exchange rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were different in some stages (P < 0.05). The number of new pseudobulbs in the juvenile and mature stages were decreased by 10–30%, and increased leaf pigment content (P < 0.01) under sodium bentonite exposure, especially at 150 g L-1. Moreover, if sodium bentonite contacted with the inflorescences in the developing phase resulting in deformed flower shape, distorted petal, and faded color petal (P < 0.01). In addition, the flowering which adhered with sodium bentonite could not be distributed into the market and shorten vase life by 2–4 days. Therefore, if a leak of sodium bentonite occurs, it should be removed from the orchid plant as much as possible and cut off the damaged inflorescences.
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