Effect of Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Crude Palm Oil Indices of Oil Palm Growing on Tung Rangsit-Acid Sulfate Soils in the Central Plain, Thailand
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Abstract
The response of oil palms to nitrogen rates provides a guideline for effective nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for oil palms grown in acid sulfate soils. The objective of
this study aimed to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on the growth and yield of oil palm grown in the acid sulfate soils of Tung Rangsit. The randomized complete block design was conducted with 6 treatments of N fertilizer rate with 2 replications (df = 11) including 0, 150, 300, 600, 750, and 900 g N plant-1 year-1. The field trials were carried out in 3 acid sulfate
soil series i.e., Rangsit soil series 2 areas and Ongkharak soil series 1 area in Nakhon Nayok and Saraburi province. The responses on growth, yield, and oil quality of oil palm were investigated. The results showed that oil palm significantly differently responded to N fertilizer rate on dry bunch yield (P = 0.031), fresh fruit bunch yield per rai per year (P = 0.031), and bunch index (P = 0.026) where applying N fertilizer at a high rate of 600–900 g N plant-1 year-1 increased bunch yields higher than the rate under 600 g N plant-1 year-1 and raised N concentration in the 17th frond leaf to sufficient level. Additionally, the increase in N fertilizer rates did not significantly
differentiate the quality of crude palm oil. Growth and yield of oil palm responses to N fertilizer rates significantly differed between studied sites, indicating that the site-specific environment and management of oil palm and soil N levels affected the response to nitrogen fertilizers. The results imply that applying N fertilizer at the rate of 600 g N plant-1 year-1 can preserve a high
bunch yield of oil palm. However, the rates of N:K2O:P2O5 should be balanced and kept at 1:3:0.77.
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References
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