Geochemical Behaviors of Major Elements in Cassava Growing Soils Derived from Different Rock Formations in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
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Abstract
Investigating the influences of geological parent materials on the behavior, affinity,
and bioavailability of major elements in cassava-growing soils in Thailand is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the total major elemental composition of cassava-growing soils and to investigate the relationship between elements and soil properties for grouping elements according to their affinity of major elements in 37 cassava-growing soils derived from different geological parent materials in Nakhon Ratchasima province. The study was conducted by analysis of physicochemical properties, elemental composition, and principal component analysis (PCA)
to correlate multivariable soil data influencing elemental behaviors. The results showed that most cassava-growing soils were coarse-textured soils with dominant high sand content, very acidic to moderately alkaline pH, and low soil fertility. The results of PCA analysis grouping by rock formation and soil series could be classified elements into 3 principal components (PC) including PC1 deals with base-associated elements, i.e., Ca, Mg, K, Na, and P, which was closely
related to silt content (Silt), cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), soil pH (pH), and base saturation (BS). Chatturat series (Ct) developed from Maha Sarakham (KTms) and Quaternary alluvium (Qa) formations were the major soils found in this group. The soils were clayey textured, having high pH, CEC, CCE, and bases. PC2 dealed with metal elements and oxides, i.e., Al, Fe, Mn, and N, which were closely related to clay content (Clay), extractable acidity (EA), and organic matter (OM). Chok Chai (Ci) and Surin (Su) series developed from Khok
Kruat formation (Kkk) and Quaternary Basalts (Qbs) were the major soils found in this group and accumulated high metal and sesquioxide content. PC3 associated with silicon (Si) and sand content (Sand). Korat series developed from Phu Phan (Kpp), Sao Khua (Ksk) and Qa formations were the major soil found in this group. They had a coarse texture with high sand content. The results indicated that soil parent materials strongly influenced the geochemical behavior and affinity associated with soil properties which could affect the bioavailability of elements and be major constraints for cassava production in Nakhon Ratchasima province.
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