Induction of Morphological Characteristic Differentiation of Thai Native Asiatic Pennywort (Centella asiatica L.) by Acute Gamma Irradiation
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Asiatic pennywort is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows in tropical and subtropical humid regions around the world. It has been recognized as one of the five Thailand Champion Herbal Product (TCHP). The main substances in Asiatic pennywort include asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid. This study aimed to induce mutation in Thai native Asiatic pennywort species using acute gamma radiation and to investigate the morphological variability of M1V2 mutated for use as a germplasm in the Asiatic pennywort breeding program.
Methodology: Six levels of acute gamma radiation were applied to Asiatic pennywort seeds following a completely randomized design. The irradiated seeds were then planted to investigate the distribution of morphological characteristics in the native Asiatic pennywort species after exposure to radiation (M1V2 model). The study aimed to estimate variance at 95% confidence interval and the Pearson correlation coefficient of growth traits.
Main Results: Radiation dose causing the germination of Asiatic pennywort seeds to decrease
to the median lethal dose (LD50) is 162.51 gray. The amount of gamma radiation can alter the morphology of Asiatic pennywort. Increasing dose of gamma radiation induced reduction in plant height, petiole length, and stolon length, but an increase in the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and stolon number during 90 days after transplanted. Additionally, the morphological distribution of Asiatic pennywort M1V2 generation during the 60 days after
transplantation showed relatively high morphological variability in all characteristics. The correlation coefficient of morphological characteristics of Asiatic pennywort M1V2 generation during the 60 days after transplantation revealed that plant height was highly positively correlated with leaf length (0.487), leaf width (0.415), and petiole length (0.708).
Conclusions: Acute gamma radiation appears to be triggering morphological variability in native Asiatic pennywort seeds. Additionally, when clear classification is challenging, a combination of quantitative data could be employed to select mutant species. The induction method using acute gamma radiation can be utilized to generate diversity for breeding Asiatic pennywort.
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